The Views On Gay Marriage - 2081 Words

Many individuals throughout the world are being discriminated against or physically abused based on their sexual orientation, and because they don’t fit the â€Å"norm† of everyday people. Gay individuals are looked at with hatred from various cultures, and right now they are struggling for the right to legally marry, regardless of what other people’s views. Partner is a term people use for homosexual couples, instead of using wife or husband. Many citizens of America view homosexuals in either scientific terms, or a biblical/stereotypical perspective. These two varying points make gay marriage a controversial topic, which is discussed among thousands of different people everyday. When viewing the two sides, it can be difficult choice to choose which one is more logical, but in this paper, all sides will be reviewed with evidence from different sources. Looking at the scientific outlook of this topic, these thinkers view homosexuals with love and respect, and most who support this cause are activists for many other important issues. The three crucial stances activists fight for go as follows; It is not a choice for Gay people to decide their sexual orientation, traditional marriage has already been redefined by societal change, and being homosexual is a natural occurrence in nature. On the other hand, there are people who oppose all three standpoints. This is the religious side of the subject, which goes off biblical preachings. They feel God sees homosexuals as anShow MoreRelatedThe Views On Gay Marriage3556 Words   |  15 Pages Gay Marriage Tailor Chrisman University of Cincinnati Abstract This paper explores the differing views on homosexual same-sex marriages coming from the views of our governments as opposed to religious groups’ views. It goes into detail to see which religions are opposed, which support and which have no official position on the topic of gay marriage. It also takes into account how the state governments have opposed and supported the legalization of same-sex marriage over the course ofRead MoreHow My View on Gay Marriage Changed902 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"How My View on Gay Marriage Changed† At the time, gay marriage is a steaming hot topic of discussion in the United States. The right of marriage between man and man or woman and woman is one of the most controversial debates in the history of America. On several locations around the globe, fore an example in europe, gay marriage is a legal act. But should homosexuals have the same rights as â€Å"normal† people when it comes to marriage? A lot of different reasons why gays should not be able to getRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast Two Views of Gay Marriage601 Words   |  3 Pagestoday is gay marriages. Many believe that the media is primly responsible for the idea of same-sex marriages, but when it all comes down to it there are really only two sides; those who support gay marriages, and those who oppose them. Two authors write their opinions on their opposite views on this issue. Sullivan (2002) supports same-sex marriages and believes marriage to be a universal right, not just restricted to heterosex uals. Contrary to Sullivan, Bennett (2002) believes that marriage is aRead More Comparing Two Views of Gay Marriage Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesIn their works â€Å"Let Gays Marry,† by Andrew Sullivan and â€Å"Leave Marriage Alone,† by William Bennett, they both talk about the subject of same sex marriages. They both believe that marriage is based off of tradition. However, they debate on if these marriages should be allowed and if they are proper. Sullivan goes on to prove he believes same sex marriages are proper because traditionally it is based off of the principle of love. Bennett proves his point by saying that the conventional ways areRead More Comparing Two Views of Gay Marriage in America Essay764 Words   |  4 Pages Marriage, by definition, is the institution whereby men and women are joined in a special kind of social and legal dependence for the purpose of founding and maintaining a family. In today’s society however, things are changing. People of all genders are forming bonds with one another, and homosexuals are vying for the right to have their love established as marriage as well. Should men and men, and women and women, be allowed the right of marriage just like heterosexual couples in AmericaRead MoreCompare and Contrast Two Views of Gay Marriage Essay815 Words   |  4 PagesSullivan had written supporting gay marriage in America. Bennett started out by first issuing two key points as to what divides the proponents and opponents of same-sex marriages. The two articles are derived from Sibylle Gruber’s Constructing Others: Constructing Ourselves edition. Bennett notions that legalizing same-sex marriage would weaken the meaning of it and outlines what the basic co ncept of marriage is. Throughout the article Bennett argues why same-sex marriage should not be legalized byRead More Views on Gay Marriage in Anna Quindlin’s Essay Evan’s Two Moms1164 Words   |  5 PagesComtemporary Arguments. This essay takes a liberal point of view concerning gay marriage and the ability to raise a child in a gay family. Throughout Quindlen’s essay, her structure introduces ethos, pathos and logos through a variety of court cases to gain the readers trust; she appeals to both emotion and logic in her reader through passion and unwavering intensity, which disapproves of those who take a radical point of view about gay marriage. Anna Quindlen’s structure of â€Å"Evan’s Two Moms† providesRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1144 Words   |  5 PagesGay Marriage There are many issues the revolve around same-sex marriage. Many issues like: Whether same-sex should be legalized and should there be an amendment on same-sex marriage? There are multiple side to view this, but gay marriage but in my opinion gay marriage is socially accepted. it should be legal and it does affect American teens in a broad spectrum of ways. There have been a lot of issues on whether or not same-sex marriage should be legal or not. According to Burns, â€Å" The unionRead MoreLove Is Love By Cartoon Arts International Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesJune 26th, 2015, same-sex couples gained the right to marry in all fifty states (Kenneth, â€Å"Gay Rights†). As this news spread, some were displeased, some were overjoyed, and some were somewhere in the middle. The wide range of views on this topic made it easy to be turned into a satire. A comic by Cartoon Arts International shows a man complaining to his wife that same-sex marriage is hurting heterosexual marriage, in which the wife retaliates and makes a comment about divorcing him because of his statedRead MoreEssay on Gay marriage827 Words   |  4 Pages Critical Review - Gay Marriage â€Å"Unnatural† Sheldon L, 1996, Gay Marriage â€Å"Unnatural†, USA Today, USA. Homosexual marriage is one of the old but controversial issues around the world. Compared to the past, it seems to become a more open debate among people. At the same time, people seem to be more swayable than before, but towards the gay marriage, different voices have still been hovering in the air. Gay people and their supporters have been striving for their rights to get married legally, while

Essay on Smoking - 1092 Words

Smoking In the year 1973, 11 years prior to my birth, my grandfather made one of the most important decisions in his life. In the cold wind of March, my grandfather stood outside of Coon Rapids Bayard High School and smoked his last cigarette. That fall my mom and her sister Eileen had made a deal with my Grandpa that if their team made it to the Iowa Girl’s State Basketball Tournament he would give up his addiction to nicotine. This addiction to nicotine had haunted him since his days as an American soldier in World War II. My mom’s team, Elk Horn-Kimbalton, was up by 19 points at halftime, and it was quite evident they would reach the destination they had worked so hard for. Next to the â€Å"victory bell† my Grandpa decided to make†¦show more content†¦Although Brimelow’s article contains information that may have scientific value, the consequences of smoking significantly out weigh the values. This has been proven through extensive research by ou r most prominent medical scientists. According to Brimelow, smoking can help alertness, dexterity and cognitive capacity, which can be useful when one is driving (Brimelow 141). Nicotine has been proven to help these factors, but there are many alternative routes to achieving alertness and dexterity. What ever happened to playing your music at a higher volume? Rolling down the window to catch a cool breeze? Or by possibly buying a favorite soda pop at a local convenient store? All of these alternatives have positive benefits. As to the contrary, smoking leaves an individual with the possibility of health dangers. All of these sources have the ability to help maintain alertness and dexterity, including nicotine. It just comes down to the point of how someone wants to put themselves in position to reach these states of feelings. The bottom line is that there are several resources that can reach alertness and dexterity. The use of nicotine is just one of many possibilities. Smoking may be dangerous to your health, but so is driving automobiles (Brimelow 141). In this statement Brimelow says the fact straight up; Smoking may be dangerous to yourShow More RelatedSmoking And Smoking - Stop Smoking920 Words   |  4 PagesStop Smoking I. Attention A. Take a deep breath. Allow the fresh air into your healthy lungs and then exhale. Now, stand near a smoker. Take a deep breath. Allowed your lungs to take in the same amount of air as you did the first time, then exhale. Did you cough? When you took a deep breath next to the smoker, you breathed in the smoke from the cigarette. That smoke has the same harsh chemicals that are entering in your lungs. â€Å"Acetaldehyde is in tobacco smoke. Acetaldehyde is a hazardous air pollutant†Read MoreSmoking : Smoking And Smoking1615 Words   |  7 PagesSummary Smoking in Bushwick Cigarette smoking affects nearly all organs in the body. Smoking leads to negative health outcomes such as various kinds of cancers and chronic diseases and reduces the overall health of individuals. Some diseases caused by smoking are - oral cancer, lung cancer, chronic diseases such as - stroke, blindness, cataract, periodontitis, COPD, diabetes, smoking during pregnancy causes pregnancy complications. (Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking, 2015) Cigarette smoking andRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking And Smoking861 Words   |  4 PagesConversely, some individuals make choices that turn into habits, which are unhealthy. In the eyes of society, smoking is one of the worst habits a person can have. Through the analysis of smokers’ routines, it may be possible to find ways to help them curb their unhealthy practices. Cigarette smokers who seek advice from professionals to help them quit smoking are often told to throw away all smoking paraphernalia, which could include, lighters, ashtrays, and cigarette cases. These items can trigger theRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking Tobacco Smoking1547 Words   |  7 PagesDISCUSSION Since you cannot tackle what you are unaware of, the first step in decreasing tobacco smoking is to identify who the smokers are. These could be potential or current users of tobacco and tobacco products or people who are affected by environmental smoke also known as secondhand smoke. Health care providers cannot stop or reduce usage in a patient if they do not know whether the patient is a beginner or a current user. In the health care system, the family physicians are usually the primaryRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking Cigarette Smoking Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesnotorious. Several decades later in 1964, the hazards of smoking cigarette became known to the public (Boston university medical center, 1999). Even though smoking cigarette risks have been published for roughly 50 years, people still smoke for several reasons and they should be reminded of its fatal effects in order to quit. The Problem definition The basic definition of habit is an enjoyable activity being done regularly or occasionally. Thus, smoking cigarette can be classified as a habit. This habitRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking Tobacco Smoking Essay2296 Words   |  10 PagesYouth tobacco smoking has been associated with so many factors. To start with social and physical environments have been associated with this because of the way the mass media shows tobacco smoking as a normal thing and this has promoted tobacco use among the youths. Parental smoking has also contributed because their parents are role models and they always follow their steps. Secondly there are some genetic and biological factors that contribute to this. This occurs where it is more difficult forRead MoreSmoking Is A Problem Of Smoking1567 Words   |  7 PagesStop smoking The issue of smoking is a problem that’s occurring in America. Smoking is a deadly killer that has taken many loved ones, it causes issues when it is inhaled into the human body and causes certain types of diseases. Many people are dying due to the chemicals in cigarettes unfortunately, but there are ways we can stop this and with the help of the students here we can start doing this immediately. Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke from burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipesRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking And Smoking2682 Words   |  11 Pages When I think of smoking the first thing that comes to my mind is lung cancer. I could say with confidence that mostly any person that is asked about tobacco know the harm it causes to the human body or at least one of the dangers of smoking. This topic is very interesting to me because i simply don t understand why a person becomes a frequent smoker while knowing all the harm one cigarette can do to them and others around them. Second hand smoking is also a big issue in our country because of allRead MorePrevention Of Smoking And Smoking977 Words   |  4 PagesSeth stop smoking. I am against smoking, due to the health effects that come along with smoking. I am also against smoking to help the people who do not smoke keep away from second hand smoke, which can also cause smoke related health problems. Smoking effects your major organs, along with the people who are around smokers. When smokers quit there are immediate benefits, which is why there are alternatives to help smokers sto p smoking, along with organizations that are helpful. Smoking effects theRead MoreThe Harmful Effects Of Smoking And Smoking1380 Words   |  6 Pageslight a smoke. Some of the harmful effects of smoking include various potentially lethal diseases to the smoker and others exposed to secondhand smoke, the sinful addiction caused by a key ingredient in cigarettes, and social issues smoking causes for smokers and their loved ones. Smoking should be prohibited completely because of the harmful physical and social effects it has on smokers and the non-smokers they associate with. First of all, smoking creates a number of health problems for smokers

Bmw Management Free Essays

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Table of Contents 1. Introduction3 2. Discussion4 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Bmw Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now BMW area of improvement6 4. BMW Solutions7 5. Recommendations9 6. Conclusion11 References13 1. Introduction Operations management is a process where system direction and control of the processes transforms inputs into finished goods and services. It is also the way organization do produce goods and their services. It’s a process of transforming and oversetting set of resources that is inputs in to services and goods which is output. Operations Functions of B. M. W comprises of a significant number of employees and their physical assets in various organizations (Mondy Premeaux, 1992). Its also determins the equipments which are used and some information should go in an operation system and also how this equipments can be able to market the place. Managers they are the one who are supposed to be responsible on their activities such as quality management and control in their business. The Importance of operation have increased in recent years. Managers they do play a big role in satisfying their customer’s needs and making their business to be firm and strong. Inputs recourses might be raw materials or information or customers. Some examples of inputs in the B. M. W Company which include:-customers – this is a process where you are involved in processing your ticket and baggage. Raw Materials this is where some plastics product they are melted and they do form a mold. Information; a divisor do gather some information to clients and assist in developing in financial plans. Output it’s a product or services required by customers and its broadest sense of the word. Overview functions they involves a lot of different disciplines. Productions do have service which operations have (U. S Departments of Education Institute of Education Sciences, 2009). Discussion Operation management is the way products and goods and services are concerned with organizing the process of getting thing which are been done. The operation is also used for transforming process and converting a set of resources into services and goods. Operations management’s functions of the B. M. W involve different disciplines, production and services. Operation management functions do have a central role in most firms. The functions which are defined to select this determine which product or services will be produced and by which process (Mondy Premeaux, 1992). Designing in the B. M. W sector involve creation method, whereby the operation involves actual process and meeting of schedules and also do certify production and standards. Operations functions here manager is supposed to be responsible for the success of the products units. This person need knowledge which is base in technology of products which are been processed . In customers participation it leads to storage ,transporting and stocking, and at the same time customer supplies with some of the products. Using customers as labor, enables them to do self service and this require customers to physically and mentally able to help themselves (Mondy Premeaux, 1992). Retaining an existing customer at the B. M. W Company is much cheaper costs of winning new customers. The designing of a poorly product or service can fail to market needs and expectations. It’s more important to make products are well delivered and processed and closely linked. The designer must work together with the product so that he or she can make it to me more successful introduction of a new product or services. Products they are experience through materials, equipments and people, People they do know what can be done so as to solve problems (Chase Jacobs et al, 2001). The right quality it’s not best but it’s determined by the cost of the products and the technical characteristics and the requirements. Manufacturers should procedure the best products in the right numbers and if they are produced in excess of the demands the capital will lower the inventory but if the quality is in short of demand its leads to shortage of products. The advantages of operation management in job shop production, the operator will become more skilled and its will compete other jobs and its will give the other business the opportunities. The Opportunities of B. M. W exists to create methods and innovates some ideas. Batch productions it’s defined by American Production and Inventory Control Society. The characterizes includes, whenever there is shorter productions to run the business, when machines and plant are flexible, when the manufacturer lead time and the cost at lower as compared to job order productions. The Advantages of Batch production are when there is better utilization of plants; the cot per item is lower as compared to job orders production (Mondy Premeaux, 1992). Objectives of the operation management of the B. M. W Company should ensure its products are being produced at more clear and attractive services of right quality and quantity at the right time and at right manufacturing costs. The products are supposed to be of right quality and the right quantity. The quality is established based upon the customers and their needs Mondy Premeaux (1992), the manager defines objectives for the operations of the organization and its polices, The operation manager provide the role and the flow of information within the operations . They determine activities which are required so as to achieve the goals and assign them responsibility for carrying them out. Operation manager must exercise to control by measuring outputs and comparing their plans in managements. Managers they are the one who are supposed to be concerned with how efforts to plan, organize and to control the behavior of human (Ames, 1995). Manager plan, organize and control the conversation process within the organization. Operation management is concern with achieving of both satisfactory customers and services, the B. M. W company should be tacked with these two objectives in mind, and many of the problems will favor the operations manager this is because of the conflicts hence operations manager must attempt to the balanced their basics objectives (Mondy Premeaux, 1992). BMW AREA OF IMPROVEMENT (SUPPLY CHAIN AND CUSTOMER RELATIONS) The services operations at the B. M. W Company are not immune to some problems associated in making services of operations to meet its objectives (Mondy Premeaux, 1992, pg 3). The designing of the something do limits for existing equipments, capacity and facilities, the product upgrades with the new features do have some significant effects on the operations. With the fixed of the process is highly repeatable and the process can be easily be monitored and varied. The importance of the aspect of the designed concentrates on utilizing and efficiency in addressing the demands valuables and the customer participations. King the customer out do the processes whether it’s possible and adopt the industrial process which is designed the processes which are not involving the customers. Mondy Premeaux (1992), the production/operations management this is the process in which combines and transforms various resources which are being used in productions. It’s the part of organization which it’s been concerned with the transformation or the range of some inputs into the required field. Operations management strategies at the B. M. W Company is to improve the efficiency and effective of transportation through low cost and management to improve and to program (Megginsion, 1992, pg8). To associates with problems and their limits of current process techniques. Management is a process whereby an essential business functions take place and manager is some who is responsible for people and project together. The two topics includes the general manager’s job this is where manager take his or her ole in leading and managing an enterprise and to be responsible on the company the other one role to determine the long run of all enterprises. The most important role of a manager is to rule the business this is where business need different ways of thinking and way of acting in the business (U. S Departments of Education Institute of Education Sciences, 2009). What makes a manager to organize and also manage his or her he should be competent and he is organized in his dutie s. There are travel demands, these are transporting system management and intelligent transporting systems which improves strategies that do improve mobility. Management quality can certify and help Manufacture Company and put systems and control to ensure few and more profitable business (Megginsion, 1992, pg12). The company that do approach the certification at the end it’s the one whose succeed; effective quality management system its standard of quality (Megginsion, 1992). The standards involve overtime which reelects aspects of the industry. When businesses gets standards quality that when it becomes certified and these show the customers that it’s well practiced and the product they are of high qualities (Mondy Premeaux, 1992). BMW Solutions Business which certifies doesn’t always go on by certification practices which are need to increase their quality. The short-term thinking leads a business in some problem . One particular do challenge the quality management. The old standby quality approach they are six sigma and they change your organization culture to drive strategy and business transformation. This deserves much intensity to all other initiatives that can operate in big companies. The strategic six sigma principles and practices which can help companies they include. This is formulating and new existing business strategies. They also deal with changing and they increase complex of customer requirements, they also facilitate merge and acquisitions. The growing of number of companies beginning to realize the implications caused by six sigma’s; especially engine to accelerate corporate strategies and organizations (U. S Departments of Education Institute of Education Sciences, 2009). The BMW ought to entail below solutions to cub their problems: †¢ To help the company’s top leadership team by implement six sigma and developing a committed team of leader to support. †¢ Thinking and practicing into some strategies and planning. Establishing connections with customer and their large market place where the companies do operates. †¢ Ensures leaders view the companies not as a set of isolated functions or independent. †¢ To develops measures and demands which are tangible results from people in their works. †¢ To be committed in fulltime to the business, aspects of grogram to ensure that work is progressing toward achieving goals and objectives. †¢ Megginsion (1992), the BMW company should avoid to introduce new work processing and product without have relied with your customers through design and development processes. Recommendations By choosing some issues good manager should know that he can able to bring some talents within his organization and he do choose those which have the greatest and which are long term and those one which can make his talents to be more productive. Under ordinary time he will have three or four major objectives during any single period of time. Megginsion (1992). Management is one role that is fast of growing the security market while continuing security to enable to increase attention to identify issues. All managers they perform some same basics functions to make sure the business runs well. Manager is supposed to strive hard to reach al objectives in an organization. As a manager it’s good to make use of your time and the functions of managements are to control in devising way to ensure all plans are being achieved well. As a manager you are responsible to ensure thing of yourself they are running well and they are all correct and measure are being taken (Chase, 2004). Person whose proficiency has applied the competency repeatedly and successfully in their performances of his or her jobs but has much to the advance (Megginsion, 1992). Aspects and behaivior which is associated with the B. M. W Company and operation managements. Person with high level can have knowledge and experience with competency and can apply well on job with any assistance. In this stage one is expert and has experience many careers in his or her own work. To share list of keys people organizes and resources so as to help solving Problems College to have trained or mentor you on how to effectively schedule this skill will lead to the best learned from job which is trained. In informal interview, the manager is involved in with scheduling and attending of meetings with him if it’s possible. To have relations with your customers in your business you can be able to understand their needs and their concerns. Making you available its will direct you to contact with your clients. To rotate your job and assignments of various employees so that you many know how your employee interacts with their customers. As a manager you should be asking assignment in workforce planning. It’s good to spend time observing your work operation so that you may know processes and problems that needs to be solved. As a manager it’s good to have a meeting with your employees so that you can be able to solve tasks with schedules. To make work to be organized and activities to run smoothly and efficiency manager is supposed to be responsible (Chase Jacobs et al, 2001). Whenever manager of the B. M. W Company move to many places, he develop a network for some information in many different departments. He do keeps the sources and keep them open no matter how high they will be. Skillful manager usually leave members of his organization so that they can judge them and decide which level to inform him. Managers are supposed to respond immediately with a reasonable in various problems and how to overcome them. Another skill is to save time and energy for various issues. For keeping someone informed. About a wide range operation and decisions which are been made in different steps in a company (Chase Jacobs et al, 2001). The importance of operation management in the B. M. W Company has highly increased the function to enable to increase and improve productivity while providing a broader high quality of the products. The benefits of establishing the standards includes decision making. It’s also requiring thinking outside the organization and use of new technologies and also resolving of the provided mechanisms. A customer is an individual or a group and he can be the process in the organization, this is by providing of some law materials. In Operation management expectations includes cost, time and delivery, the enviroment, level of services, and the quality of the product or services (Mondy Premeaux, 1992). In designing of the products can fail to meet the market expectations in the market. Organization functions they entails addition to setting of the department structures. To compare productions and the services in an operations most services have elements which are based operations integrated with service delivery. The situations which are faced by a service operation manager may be less significant and less encountered by the production and manufacturing manager. The depth of planing and preparation which enable products to be consumed, Customers they see only the delivery of the products and services they are given and some customers may not mind the time that they will take to wait. Some customers will not wait and wait for the responds. The difficulties in stocking a service they include the capacity wasted if not in use. The isolation of the customers is less for services than for goods and when personal services if offered the customers they are more involved. Customers immediate are more less such that the systems are more sensitive and more personal to control (Mondy Premeaux, 1992). Conclusion If the managers do operations of business or organization smoothly and in right order, he will get the benefits in the organization. But if they do not cooperate with his organization well, it will have fewer benefits. In my view point, it will have conclusion on how I can believe my experiences of the operations managements and it’s could be one of my benefits. Also for the B. M. W business to run well it’s should have some inputs and outputs and to make an organization to be successful it’s supposed to have objectives of operations managements of how is speed when doing your work and cost of your varieties and goods (Mondy Premeaux, 1992). The quality of your goods matters a lot in your organization and your goods it’s good to have better qualities so as to attract more of your customers in your organizations. For a manager is required he or she to be focused in his daily duties and also he should be capable to make the organization to be organized and it’s been operating well (Ames, 1995). In a company foundation it is also more important that is when business have a good start its can enable it to learn well. Manager is responsible to make sure every department its learning well and everybody is well located in his or her own departments. The operations function of B. M. W is responsible in producing the services of goods and managing the supply that would provide the incoming resources. Manager is required to innovate and ensure successful of new products in the market (Ames, 1995). It is the responsibility of the management concerning Operations management strategies at the B. M. W Company to improve the efficiency and effective of transportation through low cost and management to improve its productivity and to program its services world wide. Lastly, the B. M. W Company should try and incorporate the use of internet and e-commerce to market its products to the customers (Chase, 2004). References Ames M. Wilson. (1995). An historical perspective on Operations Management, Production and Inventory Management Journal Chase F. (2004). Operations managements for competitive advantage: Inventory management Journal Chase, F. Jacobs, N et al. (2001). Operations Management for Competitive Advantage: New York, HarperCollins Megginsion, L. (1992). Management 4th Edition Concepts and Applications: New York, HarperCollins Mondy, R Wayne Premeaux,Shane R. (1992). Management Concepts, Practices and Skills Seveth Edition. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall U. S Departments of Education Institute of Education Sciences. 2009). Clarifications of Instructional programs (CIP). US, California University Clark, G. and Johnston, R. (2005) BMW, Service Operations Management: Improving Service Delivery, Harlow: Pearson Education. Ohno, T. (1995) Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-scale Production, New York: Productivity Press. Slack, N. , Chambers, S. and Johnston, R. (2004) BMW, Operations Management (4th Edition), Harlo w: Pearson Education. Chase, R. , Jacobs, R. and Aquilano, N. (2005) Operations Management for Competitive Advantage (11th Edition) New York: McGraw-Hill. Ackerman, K. B. 1997, Practical Handbook of Warehousing, 4th Ed. , Chapman Hall. (ISBN 0412125110). Ballou, R. H. , 1998, Business Logistics Management: Planning, Organizing, and Controlling the Supply Chain, 4th Ed. , Prentice Hall, (ISBN 0137956592). Blanchard, B. S. , 1998, BMW, Logistics Engineering and Management, 5th Ed. , Prentice Hall, (ISBN 0139053166). Bowersox, D. J. and D. J. Closs, 1996, Logistical Management: The Integrated Supply Chain Process, McGraw Hill, (ISBN 0070068836). Christopher, M. and H. Peck, 1997, Marketing Logistics, Butterworth-Heinemann, (ISBN 0750622091). Council of Logistics Management (CLM), 1998 Bibliography of Logistics Training Aids, prepared by R. L. Cook (Central Michigan University), CLM, 2805 Butterfield Rd. , Suite 200, Oak Brook, IL 60523. Copacino, W. C. , 1997, BMW, Supply Chain Management: The Basics and Beyond, The St. Lucie Press/Apics Series on Resource Management. Coyle, J. J. and E. J. Bardi, 1998, Transportation, South-Western Pub. , (ISBN 0538881801). Coyle, J. J. , E. J. Bardi, and C. J. Langley, 1996, The Management of Business Logistics, 6th Ed. , West/Wadsworth, (ISBN 0314065075). Coyle, J. J. , E. J. Bardi, and R. A. 1994,Novack, Transportation, 4th Ed. ,West/Wadsworth (ISBN 0314028536). Glaskowsky, N. A. , D. R. Hudson, and R. M. Ivie, 1992, Business Logistics, 3rd Ed. , Wadsworth Pub, (ISBN 0534510353). Handfield, R. B. and E. Z. Nichols, 1998, Introduction to Supply Chain Management, Prentice Hall, (ISBN 0136216161). Kasilingam, 1999, R. G. , Logistics and Transportation: Design and Planning, Kluwer Academic Pub. , (ISBN 0412802902). Lambert, D. M. , J. R. Stock, L. M. Ellram, and J. Stockdale, 1997, Fundamentals of Logistics Management, McGraw Hill, (ISBN 0256141177). Langford, J. W. , 1994, Logistics: Principles and Applications, McGraw Hill, (ISBN 007036415X). Leenders, M. R. , Purchasing and Materials Management, 10th Ed. , McGraw Hill, 1992 (ISBN 0256103348). Nerseian, R. L. and G. B. Swartz, 1996, Computer Simulation in Logistics, Quorum Books, (ISBN 0899309852). Orsburn, D. K. , 1991, BMW, Spares Management Handbook, Tab Books, (ISBN 0830676260). Patton, J. D. , 1986, Logistics Technology and Management: The New Approach- A Comprehensive Handbook for Commerce, Industry, Government, Solomon Press, (ISBN 0934623023). Pooler, V. H. and D. Pooler, 1997, Purchasing and Supply Management: Creating the Vision, Chapman Hall, (ISBN 0412106019). Robeson, J. F. (Preface) and W. C. Copacino (Editor), 1994, The Logistics Handbook, Free Press, (ISBN 0029265959). Kidd, P. T. and W. Karwowski (Editors), 1995, Advances in Agile Manufacturing: Integrating Technology, Organization and People, IOS Press, (ISBN 9051991762). McMahon, C. and J. Browne, 1998, CADCAM: , Principles, Practice and Manufacturing Management, 2nd Ed. , Addison-Wesley, (ISBN 0201178192). Ross, P. J. 1995, Taguchi Techniques for Quality Engineering: Loss Function, Orthogonal Experiments, Parameter and Tolerance Design, 2nd Ed. , McGraw Hill, (ISBN 0070539588). Tompkins, J. A. , Y. A. Bozer, E. Frazelle, J. Tanchoco, and J. White, 1996, Facilities Planning, 2nd Ed. , John Wiley Sons, (ISBN 0471002526). Eppen, G. D. , 1998, Introductory Management Science, Prentice Hall, (ISBN 0536012024). Evans, J. R. , 1996, Production/Operations Management: Quality, Performance, and Value, 5th Ed. , West/Wadsworth, (ISBN 0314062475). Hillier, F. S. and G. J. Lieberman, 1995, Introduction to Operations Research, 6th Ed. McGraw Hill, (ISBN 0078414474). Krajewski, L. J. and L. P. Ritzman, Operations Management: Strategy and Analysis, 5th Ed. , Addison-Wesley, 1998 (ISBN 0201331187). Taha, H. A. , 1996, BMW, Operations Research: An Introduction, 6th Ed. , Prentice Hall, (ISBN 0132729156). Canada, J. R. , W. G. Sullivan, and J. A. White, 1996, Capital Investment Analysis for Engineering and Management, 2nd Ed. , Prentice Hall, (ISBN 0133110362). Fabrycky, W. J. and B. S. Blanchard, 1991, Life-Cycle Cost and Economic Analysis, Prentice Hall, (ISBN 0135383234). Fabrycky, W. J. , G. J. Thuesen, and D. Verma, 1997, Economic Decision Analysis, Prentice Hall, (ISBN 0133702499). Grant, E. L. , W. G. Ireson, and R. S. Leavenworth, 1990, Principles of Engineering Economy, 8th Ed. , John Wiley Sons, (ISBN 047163526X). Ostwald, P. F. , 1992, BMW, Engineering Cost Estimating, 3rd Ed. , Prentice Hall, (ISBN 0132766272). Stewart, R. D. , 1991, Cost Estimating, 2nd Ed. , John Wiley Sons, (ISBN 0471857076). Thuesen G. J. and W. J. Fabrycky, 1993, BMW, Engineering Economy, 8th Ed. , Prentice Hall, (ISBN 0132799286). How to cite Bmw Management, Papers

Network Management In Organizations

Question: Discuss about the Network Management In Organizations. Answer: Facebook This can be best described as a form of social media that is used to send and receive information from different people across the globe at any given time you want to use it. Several people have been using this form of media as it is relatively cheap and also it connects people from different countries and backgrounds bringing them together. Some individuals have always viewed Facebook as the best way in which many people would be able to communicate to each other easily without any barrier mainly using the Facebook platform(Acquisti, Gross, Stutzman, 2011). The invention came under the influence of certain situation like the need for communication and sharing of ideas around the globe that made it to come to development. These situations across the globe have made it possible for the way of communication to develop at large and improve on the way people are using it. However these situations that led to the development of Facebook have increased or led to some arguments among many people(Boyd, 2008). Many people have come up with different arguments concerning the Facebook platform. Decision of Adding Frances flag on Facebook There was a decision that was made by the managers of Facebook to add the France flag on Facebook. The issue of flags came upon the attacks that had been made in some countries including France and Lebanon. The terrorists made attacks on these countries leading the death and mass destruction in these countries. The countries that were largely affected were Lebanon and France; Paris attack(Ellison, Steinfield, Lampe, 2011). There had been an attack on Lebanon before an attack was carried out in Paris. These attacks affected many victims who were later on to be encouraged by placing their flag on Facebook. However, it was decided that Frances flag was the one that was to be added on Facebook. I do not support the decision of applying France flag on Facebook as a better decision by the management of Facebook. I have some reasons as to why it was not a wise decision as to why it was necessary to apply France flag. The reasons include; It was not fare to Lebanon nation; Lebanon had been attacked early before France attack. It was necessary to put Lebanon flag first than France to be able to make the victims in Lebanon to feel part of the activity. It was for self-gain; The Facebook management was only considering France and did not think of the other nations that had also experienced the same attack making it to give France more advantage than other countries. I therefore do not support the decision of the application of the France flag on Facebook. Biased Behavior After seeing that only Frances flag was the one applied on Facebook, we have to determine whether the decision that had been made for this application is a biased decision. I think it was a biased decision for only applying the France flag and not Lebanon flag. Lebanon nation had been attacked before then later on France was attacked(Park, Kee, Valenzuela, 2009). This makes the two nations to be equal and should be given the same opportunities but Lebanon is not treated the same as France. This made the Lebanon nation not feel any involvement in Facebook, as they were considered inferior than France. A good example is of the individual who identified this act as a form of self- involvement masquerading as empathy for others. This individual implies that it was not fare to only apply the France flag and not including Lebanon flag on Facebook. Facebook Safety Check This is an added feature that was included by the Facebook aiming at assisting several victims that had been affected(Lampe, Ellison, Steinfield, 2008). Facebook developed a new feature that they wanted to engage the victims that had been affected by terrorists bombing the France nation. This feature was added to the people of France after the application of their flag on Facebook. I think the application of safety check that had been put in place by Facebook was a good move. This was necessary because the company had started to develop and they ought to give the best results to their users. By coming up with this idea, they brought in many people together who were feeling part and parcel of the activity especially after the bombings that had taken place. Privacy with Facebook I think the use of Facebook has invaded our privacy as the users. It has greatly affected the way of our lives more so our private lives. It has affected the privacy in that an individual cannot have something private himself or herself(Lillqvist Louhiala-Salminen, 2014). The many other individuals who are also using Facebook can see anything that you are carrying out on Facebook. This makes us not to have privacy for our own information thus Facebook has invaded our private lives. It has also invaded our privacy in that any activity we are carrying is shared with many other users. Facebook has also allowed some security firms and organizations to collect some certain information without the consent. The company has not also put in strong systems to prevent the hacking of its users accounts. References Boyd, D. (2008). Facebook's Privacy Trainwreck. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 14(1), 13-20. Acquisti, A., Gross, R., Stutzman, F. (2011). Faces of Facebook: Privacy in the age of augmented reality. Lampe, C., Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C. (2008, November). Changes in use and perception of Facebook. In Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (pp. 721-730). ACM. Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., Lampe, C. (2011). Connection strategies: Social capital implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices. New media society, 1461444810385389. Lillqvist, E., Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2014). Facing Facebook Impression Management Strategies in CompanyConsumer Interactions. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 28(1), 3-30. Park, N., Kee, K. F., Valenzuela, S. (2009). Being immersed in social networking environment: Facebook groups, uses and gratifications, and social outcomes. Cyber Psychology Behavior, 12(6), 729-733.

Use Of Irony In Oedipus Rex Essays - Operas, Oedipus The King

Use of Irony in Oedipus Rex Many sources tell us that Sophocles wrote more then one hundred plays, but only seven of them have survived the centuries in their entirety. Certainly the best known of his surviving plays is Oedipus Rex. The plot of the play hinges on the element of irony. Irony can be defined as a combination of circumstances or a result that is the opposite of what is or might be expected or considered appropriate, (Guralnik, Webster's, 1968, p. 745). Irony is one of the prevailing and defining characteristics of the play. The first event that sets the whole tragic tale in motion is when Laius, King of Thebes, is told by a prophet that any child that is born to him and his queen, Jocasta, will murder him. Therefore, when a child is born to him, he pierces the baby's ankles with a spike, ties them together, and has a servant leave the child on Mount Cithaeron to die from exposure. This is ironic because if Laius had not attempted to murder his own child, Oedipus would not have been found and raised by strangers. He would have known Jocasta was his mother. Ironically(and disgustingly, Oedipus marries her and produces several children). Also, without his violent temper, he would not have killed his father on the road to the Oracle if had had been aware of his identity. As a baby, Oedipus is found by a shepherd, and taken back to Corinth where he is raised as the son of King Polybus, and his queen, Merope. After he is grown, Oedipus is told by a drunken man at a banquet that he really isn't the son of Polybus. Confused, Oedipus is determined to learn the truth. H visionary oracle. The horrified woman sends him away saying that he will murder his father and marry his mother. The prophecy disturbs Oedipus so much that he doesn't return in the hopes of preventing the prophecy from coming true. But, in so doing, he defied the will of the gods, and sealed his fate. This is, of course, ironic because Oedipus is taking the action of not returning to Corinth because he wrongfully considers Polybus and Merope to be his parents. But, here again, a human is trying to avoid what is clearly predestined. In committing the sin of hubris(pride), Oedipus brings down upon himself the rightful condemnation of the higher power. Previous to meeting with the Oracle, Oedipus had met King Laius, and four attendants, at a fork in the road. A fight started, and Oedipus kills King Laius, totally unaware that this is his real father. It's ironic on several many levels. Oedipus, in trying to avoid the prophecy, has fulfilled it. This is also ironic because Laius would not have left Thebes and journey to the Oracle if the city had not been plagued by the Sphinx, a monster with a woman's head and a lion's body, plus miscellaneous other animal features. The city would, undoubtedly, have not been plagued if Laius had stayed in the god's good graces. Having unknowingly killed his father, Oedipus journeys on and encounters the Sphinx. Because he answers the Sphinx's riddle correctly, it kills itself in a fit of anguish and the city is saved. Oedipus is declared King of Thebes. He marries the recently widowed Jocasta and the prophecy is fulfilled. "Oedipus Rex" seems to roll one pieve of irony after another.. Everything Oedipus tries to avoid he ends up doing. The beautiful marriage between the King and Queen is incest. He is also famous for solving riddles but cannot solve the one that concerns the origin, path, and destiny of his own life. Oedipus shows a brutal side when he beats the same shepard that saved him during the interrogation. Some readers interpret the irony differently. Ever since the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, made his famous observations, critics have been using this aspect in this analysis. The Freudian interpretation can be taken beyond the obvious relationship between Oedipus and Jocasta and extended to Oedipus' two daughters. Oedipus and Jocasta had four children-two sons and two daughters. The children are brought in at the very end of the play when a blind Oedipus is pondering their fate. The sons he dismisses because they are able to take care of themselves, but Oedipus frets over the fate of his daughters. Oedipus- "As for my sons, you need not take care of them.They are men, they will find some way to live. But my poor daughters, who have shared my table, Who have never before have been parted from their father-Take care of them, Creon: Do this for me. And will you let me touch them

Brand Audit of Power Root Essay Example

Brand Audit of Power Root Essay Example Brand Audit of Power Root Essay Brand Audit of Power Root Essay Essay Topic: Like Water for Chocolate We Real Cool BMR 3164 BRAND MANAGEMENT ‘POWER ROOT’ No |Name |Student ID |Hp No | |1 |DHEEPAN A/L PRANTHAMAN |1061111669 |017-7648515 | |2 |TEH AI ZEK |1051103950 |016-7628762 | |3 |NURUL AQILAH MOHD NAJRI |1041105941 |013-6286479 | |4 |AZWIN BINTI KHAIRUDDIN |1051101309 |017-2477010 | |5 |ONG LEE YING |1051103227 |012-7640604 | SEMESTER 1 08/09 MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY (436821-T) MELAKA CAMPUS, JALAN AYER KEROH LAMA, 75450 MELAKA, MALAYSIA. Tel 606 252 3594 Fax 606 231 8799 Contents  ¦ Brand audit objectives, scope, and approach-2  ¦ Background about the brand (self-analysis)4  ¦ Background about the industries5  ¦ Consumer analysis (trends, motivation, perceptions, needs, segmentation, behavior)7  ¦ Brand inventory  ¦ Elements, current marketing programs, POPs, PODs10-13  ¦ Branding strategies (extensions, sub-brands, etc. 14-16  ¦ Brand portfolio analysis17-19  ¦ Competitors’ brand inventory20  ¦ Strengths and weaknesses-22  ¦ Brand exploratory  ¦ Brand associations24  ¦ Brand positioning analysis25  ¦ Summary of competitor analysis -25 SWOT analysis-26  ¦ Brand equity evaluation29  ¦ Strategic brand management recommendations 30  ¦ Reference31 Brand Audit Objectives To enhance our understanding of the brand audit process. To enhance our understanding of how a successful brand works. To showcase our teamwork. To experience being a brand manager. To study the Power Root brand. Scope In designing our brand audit study, we chose to limit our scope to the local arena. There are several reasons for this. First we feel that the examples in our textbook are mostly international brand to which we have no strong affinity or understanding. Secondly, by choosing a local brand we will have access to more information which will be readily available compared to foreign brands. Finally we feel that it is a better choice to start with something at home to learn about brand audit and it also to show that we are proud of our homegrown brands. These are the reasons as to why we chose Power Root. Our scope of study will cover many aspects of the brand. We will study the background, followed by the brand’s inventory (elements, branding strategies, and marketing strategies), brand associations, perceptions and positioning and we end with some recommendations to enhance the brand. Approach There have to be a way of how to conduct a brand audit. Our approach is this: Format First we came up with a format on the things that needed to be included in the study. As brand audit covers a wide variety of things to discuss and analyze, a proper format is vital in order to ensure the audit progresses smoothly and achieves its objectives. We included important areas such as brand inventory, brand exploratory and we included recommendations on how the brand can be further enhanced. Information Search The group had an intensive information search in order to do a thorough audit. The search was conducted via Internet, library database, newspaper, magazine and television. Group discussion A group discussion was held in order to analyze the Power Root brand. The group discussed various aspects of the brand based on the information gained during the search. Task allocation Task was allocated among team members for report compilation. Background Power Root is a homegrown brand and is a true success story when it comes to Malaysian brands. The story of Power Root began in 1999. This brand was born in Johor and officially launched on 23 July 1999 and since then it has not looked back ever since. Owned by the parent company NatBio Resources Sdn Bhd, Power Root has grown from strength to strength for the past 9 years it had been in existence. Their main and core product strategy is by commercializing the well know aphrodisiac more well known as Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma Longifolia) and Kacip Fatimah (Labisia Pumilia). These 2 herbs is popular in Malaysia due to wide believe about its ability to give energy and enhance sexual prowess. They are also commonly used for ensuring good health and physical well being. From 2 main products, they have grown and extended into many products by using the same brand name. More information about the brand portfolio of Power Root is in the inventory segment. They first established a branch in Kuala Lumpur in 2001 for the purpose of co-ordinating logistics and also to enhance customer service. Power Root have 2 manufacturing plants, the earliest was established in Johor in 2003 and was followed by another manufacturing plant in Kuala Lumpur. In 2007 Power Root via its holding company Natural Bio Resources Sdn Bhd was listed in the Second Board of Bursa Malaysia. Power Root’s operational objective is ‘Quality, Innovation Sharing’. To stay true to this mantra, they have invested heavily in R D to come up with a line of brand that best signifies quality. They are also committed to bringing these herbs beyond Malaysian shores across the globe to enhance its popularity and bringing benefit to the product in return. All in all Power Root’s is a success today stems from its entrepreneurial spirit, concentration in research and development in improving existing products and commitment in providing consumers variety choices of its high quality products. Background of the Industry When we talk about industry, first we need to identify the elements that constitute the industry. What is the background of the industry that Power Root is operating in. Power Root is geographically located in Malaysia. In terms of the industry, Power Root can be concluded as being in several different segments within the larger beverage industry. They are mainly in the instant coffee drinks segment with the core product being Ali Cafe TongkatAli drinks. This instant coffee segment is a large and very attractive segment. Due to changes in lifestyle, current trend shows that people value speed. This to the extend something as simple as making coffee is required to be simplified which explains the phenomenal growth of instant coffee drinks. Can drinks is another segment they are operating in. Can drinks is a big market with almost all beverage having a can product. People like can drinks for its convenience and cool factor. The cereal market is another industry segment where fierce competition is common. Due to the high consumption nature of breakfast foods, this segment is lucrative to capture. Chocolate drink segment is fast growing. Although not as strong as in US but cocoa based drink trend is catching on in Malaysia. Power Root knows this and hence the release of Cocoa based drink like Pearl Cafe’ Choco. A little background about Tongkat Ali which is being used as the main ingredient not only by Power Root but also by Power Root’s competitors. Tongkat Ali also known as Eurycoma Longifolia Jack is a common herbal shrub usually found along the slopes of hilly terrain of the Malaysian rainforests. This shrub is identified as the ‘Bitter Cures’ because it is really bitter and it also can cure all sorts of ailments and diseases. ‘Pasak Bumi’ or the ‘Earth Fixer’ is also one of them and because of its solid and long winding roots, it got its name and the name is Tongkat Ali. The name is said to be associated with a dashing warrior, the hidden meaning to the name- the spirit of manliness and health. The herb helps to revitalize tired minds and body and soothes a person. In addition, Kacip Fatimah is another common herb found in the rain forests of Malaysia, it contains element of antioxidants and photo estrogen, where these two elements are known to provide goodness and health to both women and men. These 2 herbs together present a multimillion or perhaps a multibillion dollar market to be exploited. With the emerging trends and unfulfilled needs in terms of personal healthcare this industry’s core has a long way to go. The general situation right now in the industry is the intense competition among the manufacturers of such herb based beverage drinks. Since taking the herb in pill or medical form does not interest consumer much, beverage is seen as the next best way to sell such products. Hence many entrants have made the fight hard especially when some competitors purposely copy the entire brand elements of another successful brand. Consumer Analysis Needs There is a real need for energy and herbal based drink in Malaysian market. Hence Power Root is seen as a natural choice because they contain Tongkat Ali and Kacip Fatimah, 2 most well known energy boosting herbs. Because of these two main herbs in their products, customer demands are increasing because they believe that Power Root products can help them in their daily lifestyles in all ways. They believe they will feel re-energized and be more energetic after drinking it. These herbs are indigenous to Malaysia and its properties for promoting physical well-being are highly regarded by Malaysians. There is also a real need for an integrated product that combines energy herbs and a daily beverage of people’ choice be it coffee, tea or cocoa drinks. These needs are however not restricted to local arena alone as there high demands from foreign countries such as Brunei, Indonesia, Middle East signifying the universality of the need. Segmentation First and foremost, Power Root as a family brand targets almost everyone in the market. However when it comes to selecting and targeting segments then they become selective. There are several segmentations as practised by Power Root: Race: Power Root has segmented the market into racial segments and it actively targets the Malay market. Its entire branding, marketing and promotional strategies are very much focused on this segment. There are attempts to court other racial segments such as the Chinese segment but it is largely limited. Gender: Usually tongkat ali is targeted towards the male customers whereas Kacip Fatimah is targeted to the female audience. Tongkat Ali is seen as the male aphrodisiac while Kacip Fatimah on the other hand is associated with women. Both herbs can be consumed by both genders considering that there are similar benefits between them but for marketing purposes, they are marketed separately to different segments. Age group: 18 49 Power Root has chosen to target this group age segment. The reason could be that this age group has the purchasing power necessary to buy and consume the products. Besides that as this time period is where they grow up, they will seek energy boosting beverages more than any other age group. The brand also has access to various ways to reach this age group as they are widely exposed to various mediums. Health conscious segment: This segment is hard to measure and to find out considering that it is hard to measure intangible things. Nevertheless this health conscious segment is visible enough to be noticed by Power Root to be targeted aggressively. Behaviour When it comes to behaviour, here the analysis will have to focus on the behaviour of Power Root’s consumers towards the product. Power Root’s consumers are very loyal to the brand especially from the Malay market segment. With a strong positioning, we can actually see that the support is strong from this segment alone. Even when similar products and brands got launched, Power Root remained strong due to the loyalty to the brand. Customers of this brand are enthusiastic about the brand, have high brand awareness, brand recall and brand recognition of Power Root. They support the marketing programs and also love the brand ambassadors which they think relate well with them. Trends In this competitive world, companies must always understand about customers’ trends in order to attract and best serve them. Since customer’s trend keep n changing their taste, the companies must always formulate strategies to satisfy them. Current trend shows that there is a significant shift in consumer’s mindset towards living a healthy lifestyle and taking care of one’s own body. Due to proliferati on of healthy living lifestyle on various mediums such as TV, movies, magazines and others lifestyle trends, more and more people are looking for products that are good for their body. Also due to changing pace of life and hectic, busy lifestyle led by most people on earth today, energy boosting beverages has seen a spike in demand. Motivation Since Power Root has become more and more famous among consumers, so this can be a reason to motivate customer to buy their products. The company had created their own brand image, once consumer want to purchase instant coffee or tea or even energy products, Power Root will become one of their choices. As mentioned before, Power Root are producing few types of instant drink products such as coffee, tea, energy drink and etc. By providing customers with lots of choice, this can be one of the reasons to motivate people to buy it. Beside that, the price of Power Root products can be another point that can motivate customers to purchase it. Most of the consumers are finding out that the prices of Power Root are reasonable compare to other brand. In addition, Power Root Company always is doing promotion in order to attract customer. It is one of the ways to increase the motivation of consumers toward Power Root products. Consumers are always interesting with products promotion, so Power Root sometimes will organize some activity such as competition or products sampling in order to increase the interest of consumers toward their products. Perceptions According to the majority of consumers, when they think of Power Root, naturally energy drinks, stamina and health will come to their mind. Power Root’s current standing is good and hence consumers’ perception towards it is good as well. In most of the consumers’ mind, Power Root products always fulfill customers’ need which is to give energy. Consumers perceive Power Root as a brand that has a variety of products that satisfies many different people. The taste is seen as different and unique to Power Root. Consumers also have a perception that the products has a reasonable price. Brand Inventory Elements Logo Brand Mantra: Quality, Innovation Sharing Slogan: Infinite Energy Brand jingle/Catchphrase: Cut, Cut, Cut Ali Cafe URL: www. powerroot. com. my Packaging: Marketing Programs Power Root has a very sound marketing program in place which explains their success so far. The high sales and high business activity can be attributed to the brand cleverly taking care of its 4 major part that constitutes marketing. Product Power Root invests a lot in RD funding in order to come up with good and delicious products to satisfy the market needs and demands. All their products so far according to the analysis show that all of them have gone through rigorous vetting process before being launched into the market. Each and every product has its own distinctive packaging, clear name, colour and taste. For example, Pearl Cafe serves the women market while Ali Cafe serves the male market. There are also products to cater to market needs for low sugar products such as the non-sugar instant drinks. Place When it comes to place it basically relates more to the distribution network that is responsible to distribute and sell the product. Power Root has a very strong distribution network in place with good connection and working relationship with the wholesaler and retailers. The brand is easily available in all major hypermarkets, supermarkets, mini markets, sundry shop and convenient shops Brand is easily available and has high brand visibility. The good working relationship shows especially when seeing that Power Root always get the strategic and most visible place on the shelves’. Price Power Root have a range of price that is neither very expensive nor very cheap, it is there in the middle affordable for all. The pricing for each product is different but each price reflects the value of the product. |RM (+/-) | |Ali Cafe |14. 50 | |Pearl Cafe |11. 20 | |Can Products |2. 50 | |Oligo Cereals |14. 50 | |Pearl Choco |16. 00 | Promotion They have promotions such as extra packs in the main packets with every purchase. They have free gifts when the customers buy two or more packets. Free gifts may include thing s like umbrella, mugs and so on. Power root sometimes gives out incentives to shopping malls so that hey keep their shelf full of power root products everytime and a merchandiser can keep track of it as well. Sometimes they give out discounts to customers in the form of free coupons such as the one being distributed in TESCO receipts. POP (Points of Parity) A point of Parity is when the attributes of a brand is similar to other brands in the market. Power Root shares these POPs: Same market (Malay majority)-What Power Root is currently targeting and heavily investing in is also pursued and served by other competitors. And these competitors not only come from those with instant coffee background or herbal energy giving beverage but also anyone with the interest of capturing the sales from the Malay market segment. Coffee drink- There are a lot of companies producing coffee products and instant coffee brands are one to many sometimes. Power Root product coffee, others also produce coffee. Instant beverage- The age of convenience has brought us this trend, instant beverages and Power Root’s instant formulas or way of packaging its products are similar to other instant beverage brands. Pricing- The pricing is almost similar to other competitors and there is no large variation among the brands showing that price is something common among them. POD (Points of Difference) Points of Difference is the part that where differentiation takes place and aids positioning process in consumer’s minds. There are 3 main PODs for Power Root: Health and herbal products- Power Root has exploited the health benefits of the herbs and making sure it becomes synonymous with the brand itself. Now whenever someone mentions Tongkat Ali or Eurycoma Longifolia they are quickly reminded of Power Root first before being followed by other products. Unique Pink, Black, Gold Packaging- Power Root’s packaging are distinctive and has their own place in consumer’s mind and heart. The packaging is easily recognizable and differentiated from its competitors. Besides that, there are different colours for each flavour or product. Delicious taste and aroma- Power Root has a distinctive taste and aroma to its products so much so that the moment someone smells it, they will be quickly reminded of the brand showing high brand awareness. The aroma is also strong in nature and can easily fill a room with its sweet smell. Branding Strategies Brands today are no longer like the way it was once before where brands were merely a name assigned to a product. Today consumers respond positively to brands and the more powerful a brand is the greater opportunities that brand will have especially in terms of profit. Power Root is only 9 years old and barely a teenager but in Malaysia they have become one of the number one brands in beverages. And today they are venturing into exporting their products to other countries like Indonesia and to the Middle Eastern Region like Dubai. In getting to where they are today Power Root has made efforts in their branding strategies. Some branding strategies they have applied are using spokespersons, sponsoring events, having road shows around Malaysia, organizing contests through publicity, billboards, advertising and having sub brands or extensions. Power Root has invested in using public figures and celebrities to be their spokespeople. Using a spokesperson is when an organization uses a person to represent the organization. Power Root have employed four very well known Malaysian celebrities in representing their brand who are Rosyam Nor one of Malaysia’s number one leading actors, Adam and Faraf from the very popular reality show â€Å"Akademi Fantasia† and one of Malaysia’s songbirds Nurul. They have been used in promoting Power Root’s products via commercials, road shows, and ads. Another brand strategy used by Power Root is by sponsoring events. Some of the events sponsored by Power Root are the ‘Dance with Nnergy’ competition which is a dance competition during Jomheboh, one of Malaysia’s very popular carnivals handled around the country. Power Root has even sponsored drama series on TV 2 entitled â€Å"Dilemma Wanita†, and â€Å"Rafflesia†. Another event they have sponsored is Smart Kids 2006 (Aerospace Educational Planet). Every event they sponsor is a way for them to publicize their product to the public and create brand awareness. Linking a brand to events helps consumers to build their trust towards a brand and also it portrays a more likeable image for the consumers. Power Root has also organized road shows around Malaysia. Road shows are travelling exhibit as a way to promote a company’s product. In this case, Power Root has gone around Malaysia from Penang to Johor to promote their products and also some of their contest like promoting one of their biggest contests the â€Å"You Can Be a Millionaire† contest. Through road shows Power Root can also build positive rapport with their loyal customers and plus achieve new customers. Power Root has also organized many contests in the past in order to stimulate sales and at the same time build brand loyalty. These contests include the search for gold and prizes under the tab of the can products and the most recently is the ‘Be a Millionaire’ contest. Publicity or public relation is used to promote or protect a company’s image or products. Over the years Power Root have conducted various forms of publicity in promoting their brand. For example in the year 2006 Power Root organized a press and conference and simultaneously officially launched their new Power Root Ambassadors for that year. By organizing this sort of publicity they have created again brand awareness for the public. Another example of their efforts in publicity is through having official events to launch their contests so that consumers especially Power Root loyal customers are aware of their contest which they can participate and maybe have some opportunity in winning grand prizes. Other than that Power Root has also put up billboard along the PLUS highway. They have organized a continuous of 20f x 60f Billboard Campaign along the PLUS highway. The PLUS highway is the main highway to get from North to South of Malaysia and many Malaysian citizens use this highway to get from one destination to another. By putting up billboards along the highway, Power Root has great exposure because many Malaysian citizens use the highway daily. Power Root has also used many forms of advertising to promote their brand. Like mentioned before using billboards and such, Power Root has also used other ways of advertising their product for instance through television commercials, radio commercials and print advertisements. With their ambassadors, they use them in their commercials to promote their brand. Choosing the right form of advertisement is crucial so that Power Root can reach the right customers. Lastly, another form of brand strategy Power Root has adopted is through brand extensions and sub-branding. There are two forms of brand extension which are line extension and category extension. Power Root has adopted both the line extension and category extension. Line extensions use sub-brands to target a new market segment within the same category. For example under the Power Root brand name in the coffee line, they have come up with Ali Cafe targeting male consumers and Pearl Cafe to target female consumers. As for category extension, it is a form of extension by using the parent brand in a different product category. Power Root has used the brands distinctive taste which is tongkat ali and kacip fatimah in another form than instant products like can drinks. Brand portfolio analysis Power root is known for the energy drink they produce which is Alicafe Tongkat ali and automatically the product is the core product for this brand. Power root is mainly associated with tongkat ali gingseng and therefore when it comes to Power root, consumer will think of energy drink or tongkat ali. Power root has come out with many sub brands which are instant cafe and tin product: Instant beverage Alicafe Tongkat Ali instant: premix coffee drink with Tongkat Ali. A wonderful blend of coffee made from Robusta Arabica fine coffee beans, combined with quality creamer from Europe for smoothness and heavenly aroma. Also contains water soluble Tongkat Ali and Gingseng extracts. Alitea tongkat ali instant: Premix tea drink with Tongkat Ali. Also known as â€Å"Power Root teh Tarik Tongkat Ali instant†. Quality red tea mixed with imported skimmed milk and creamer from Europe for a fresh and aromatic flavour. Perl cafe instant: Mildest blend features a smooth and flavourous coffee specially made from the finest Arabca Robusta coffee beans. It is catered mainly for today’s women. Also includes premium quality creamer and chocolate from Europe and contains water soluble Kacip Fatimah extract. Perl choco instant: premix chocolate drink with Kacip Fatimah and Collagen. Made from imported Cocoa, Kacip Fatimah, Collagen, Sugar and Non-Dairy Creamer. Oligo cafe instant: premix coffee with Oligofructose. It is a natural ingredient extract from the chicory root. Oligofructose has many beneficial effects on the human body studied by scientist. The chicory root, where its beneficial effects have been known for a long time, contains large amount of inulin. The chicory root is also one of the most researched food substances by scientists for its nutritional benefits. Oligo cereal instant: cereal drink mixed with B-Glucan and Oigofructose. This product consists of fine blend of oats, cereal, B-Glucan, Oligofructose, sugar and non-dairy creamer. It is rich in amico acids, minerals, vitamins and dietary fibre and fulfills the modern era dietary principles to maintain health diet. Oligo choco instant: formulated from cocoa, DHA/EPA (categoriesed as an Omega- fatty acid, one of the essential fatty acids), sugar and fat-free dairy ingredients, and rich in oleic acid, linoleic acid,stearic acid, palmitic acid, protein, various vitamins, minerals, fibre and flavonoids. Ali cafe no sugar added: a wonderful blend of coffee with no sugar added specially formulated for the health conscious public. It is made from Arabica Robusta fine coffee beans, combined with quality creamer from Europe for smoothness heavenly aroma. It also contains water soluble Tongkat Ali Gingseng extracts. Perl cafe no sugar added: the mildest blend features a smooth and flavourous coffee with no sugar added, specially made from the finest Arabica Robusta coffee beans. It is mainly catered to health conscious female public. It is also includes premium quality creamer and chocolate from Europe and contains water soluble Kacip Fatimah extract. Can products Nnergy carbonated energy drink: a special carbonated energy drink formulated with Caffein, Taurine, and Vitamin B6 B12 that helps the release of sustained energy. Nnergy is slightly sour and coupled with the fizzy sensation, ensure of tickling taste. The energy derived from the drink helps to increase concentration especially for derivers on a long journey, students and busy professionals who require the additional boost in energy. Extra carbonated energy drink: A special carbonated energy drink formulated with Tongkat Ali, Caffeine, Taurine Vitamis B6 B12 that will give you the energy boost reduce fatigue. The great refreshing tast and fizzy sensation makes the drink more refreshing with the additional energy derived. It helps to increase concentration especially for drivers on a long journey, students and busy professionals who require the additional boost in energy. Extra honey tongkat ali: energy drink with Honey and Tongkat Ali extracts. Perl kacip fatimah: Energy drink with Kacip Fatimah extract exclusively for women. Ali cafe tongkat ali: coffee drink with Tongkat Ali extract. Gingseng tongkat ali: energy drink with Tongkat Ali and Gingseng extracts. Honey dates tongkat ali: Honey dates Energy drink with Tongkat Ali extract. Perl cafe cofee drink with kacip fatimah: Coffee drink with Kacip Fatimah extract. Competitor’s brand inventory Any brand has their own competitor’s if they are in the same market, as for Power root their competitors are other brands that produce energy drinks, gingseng and tongkat ali drinks. Jabar root Jabar root is owned by The Al-Jabbar Group, a Bumiputera-owned company that offers herbal based medications. The company aimed to market their product particularly in Brunei, Indonesia and West Asia. Jabar root packaging for their tin product for tongkat ali and kacip fatimah are almost similar with Power root. The only difference is the name of the product which is Puteri Serapat and Jabar root. The company selected Zamarul Hisham and Diana Rafar as their celebrity endorsement. The retail price of a can Jabar Root and Puteri Serapat is RM 2. 50. Nescafe Nescafe is actually official product owned by Nestle and it is a brand of instant coffee. Nescafe produce instant drink and can drink such as Nescafe classic, Nescafe original, Nescafe Gold Range, Nescafe Espresso, Nescafe Premium Range, Nescafe Decaff, Nescafe Cappuccino, Nescafe Frappe, Nescafe 3 in 1 Power root has become the competitor to Nescafe or vice versa. Long jack Long Jack Tongkat Ali is owned by Orang Kampung. Herbal Tea, Kacip Fatimah Capsule, TOngkat Ali Capsule, Resdong Pills, Longjack Capsule, Evergreen Tea, Penambat Pills, Gamat Oil, Liniment, Gamat Jelly, Slimmatee Capsule, Maajun Tongkat Ali, Extract Morinda and De5 are products that Orang Kampung produces. This company also produces can drinks such as Long Jack. CNI Tongkat Ali CNI Enterprise (M) Sdn. Bhd. introduces CNI Tongkat Ali gingseng coffee and CNI cafe in their sub brands. The Groups principal activities are marketing healthcare and consumer products. Other activities include manufacturing, trading and packaging consumer, health and personal care products, operation of food and beverage outlets and investment holding. The Group operates in Malaysia and Singapore. Super power Super launched a new range of ‘Super Power coffee variants with added Tongkat Ali, Gingseng and Misai Kuching in Malaysia on April 2007. Their pre-launch sales for ‘Super Power’ cofeemixes and energy drinks have exceeded expectations. The company will focus to expand their market in Southeast Asia countries such as Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia and Vietnam. Kopi RADIX Kopi RADIX originates from Indonesia and has a large following among the traditionalists and in a more rural setting. Its product comprises mainly of Tongkat Ali herbs with not much variation. Kopi Jantan Produced for the older generation and for those in a rural setting. This is also similar to Kopi RADIX in the sense that they focus more on the power or aphrodisiac part of the product. Strengths and Weaknesses Here in this part the analysis is largely centred on uncovering the brand’s strength and weaknesses. Strengths i. As mentioned, Power Root is getting more and more famous among Malaysian, this can be one of the strengths. It is a well known home grown Malaysian brand that specializing in coffee, cocoa and energy beverage products. The company has grown leaps and bounds since first established in 1999 and currently has 19 products under its wings. Although there are various brands of instant drink products in the market, Power Root with its entrepreneuring spirit, is committed to provide consumers with the ultimate choice of a high quality product. Concentrated efforts in research and development to develop new and improved products have also accelerated its success in the market. The founders started off with an herbal energy drink, while coffee-based products were only introduced in 2003. Power Root, the company that owns Ali Cafe, set up its business in 1999 and was quick to realize that consumer preferences and lifestyles were evolving. As such; the company was able to quickly establish a stable business foundation and thus, creates a very promising future for the company. ii. Besides that, Power Root and its range branded canned and premixed powder drinks has become one of the most successful and recognizable local brands within a short span of 7 years. Power Root’s brands include: Ali Cafe and Perl Cafe –canned coffee and premixed instant coffee powder infused with Tongkat Ali and Kacip Fatimah extracts respectively; Power Root – a range of flavored energy drinks with Tongkat Ali extract; Alitea – premixed instant tea powder with Tongkat Ali extract; Oligo Cafe – premixed instant coffee powder with Oligofructose; and Nnergy – a carbonated energy drink with added vitamins. Power Root’s commitment towards its brand promise is epitomized by its co-sponsorship of the 2006 World Cup live Malaysia telecast and on the local front, the hugely popular Jom Heboh! Since the brand is easily recognizable and most people would have no trouble recalling it from their mind either so it has a strong presence in consumers’ mind and is well positioned. The products generate positive reviews and the company invests heavily in marketing and branding iii. The key of Power Roots brand is the quality level which begins at the material procurement stage, ensuring best technology, while offering fortified nutritional and health benefits that meets the needs of the modern lifestyle consumers. Currently, the company has created three successful brands in the UAE and Middle Eastern markets which have their unique taste and appeal to tea and coffee loving populace here. No doubt therefore Power Roots is the first Malaysian beverage Company that made it big in the UAE  and Middle Eastern Market. In  2006 Power Root acquired, the prestigious GMP, and HACCP certification, giving consumers a better peace of mind. In the UAE, Power Root has aggressively promoted its brand in order to carve out a market share. A huge promotion outlay has also been provided at the ongoing Global Village, at Seef Road and the Night Souk where Power Root stalls are attracting good crowds. Weaknesses i. As we can see there are a lot of strengths for Power Root Company, but there are also some weaknesses that can be found in the company. As mentioned, Power Root, a truly Malaysian success story main target consumer is Malay majority market in this country. With the limitation of the Malay target market, it may cause Power Root lack of visibility among non-Malay market. As we know Malaysia is a country which comprised of Chinese, Malay and India citizens, if the company only limit the scope by only concentrates in Malay market however it will neglect the non-Malay consumers and lose a very good chances to increase their profits. ii. Although Power Root is a well-known company in Malaysia, the brand information is not that easy to find. It is very easy to find the brand’s products but it seems hard when consumers wish to search the information about the brand. Therefore, lack of information regarding brand is another weaknesses of Power Root. Brand Associations Brand Positioning Analysis Positioning refers to the place a brand has in the consumer’s mind. The consumer should be able to recall what the brand is associated with in a flash. The moment they see they should be able to think what Power Root stands for. Power Root’s main positioning strategy seems to focus a lot on the energy drink mantra. They have marketed and branded it so intensively by focusing on the energy giving aspect of their products. So much so that most consumers when asked today will immediately think of energy provider, health drink, stamina provider and some even regard it as a mild aphrodisiac. Summary of Competitor Analysis. In a nutshell, Power Root’s competitors have 1 thing in common, they all focus on the same thing that Power Root target but their approach seems to take a bit of sexual undertone. The competitor’s products are branded as an aphrodisiac for sexual prowess with the focus being centred on Tongkat Ali herb. Tongkat Ali is widely used and is used more than Kacip Fatimah in fact. Power Root’s competitors either become a follower by following the same business methodology and branding strategy or they start of on their own by launching it using their own strategy. The more upscale brands such as Super Power tend to have a more urban approach while the less known brands like Kopi RADIX have a more traditionalistic approach. SWOT analysis Listing of a company’s strengths and weaknesses are a normal part of any attempt at strategic planning for virtually all companies. To be sure the company is headed in the right direction, a competent, thoughtful review and updating of the company’s strengths and weaknesses is a fundamental element of a good strategic planning. Strengths Household name- Power Root is a true Malaysian success story, it has presence in several country and no other companies has such a hold especially in the Malay majority market in this country. International presence- Presence in international markets such as Indonesia, Singapore, Korea and UAE. Product success- Power Root’s products are currently making waves in the market such as Alicafe, Perl Cafe, Alitea and so on. Convenience- Each of these products is ready to drink convenient brand, one just has to add hot water and drink it. Strong distribution network- Power Root has access to most outlets and thus effec tively found the end-users due to a well-developed distribution network nationwide. They have a networking of key dealers, wholesalers, supermarkets, retailers and overseas distributors. Today, we can find the products almost everywhere in 7-Eleven stores, petrol stations, Giant, Tesco, Carrefour, Jusco, just to name a few. Weaknesses Lack of Information- Power Root has limited information on their product and have a weak online presence as well. Packaging sizes- No various choices in packaging of instant cafe. They should produce various size of packaging. For example, providing a smaller package for instant cafe. Over focus on beverage- Power Root focus more on beverage products only. They should expand and explore to another market such as capsule or food but they need to still maintain the product reputation. Lack of presence in non-Malay market- The overfocus on 1 segment means that Power Root may be losing out on opportunities from other market segments as well. No slogan for the brand- Power Root is yet to have a distinctive brand slogan. Opportunities Arrival of new technologies- With the upcoming technologies in the world today businesses can be done online. Power Root can promote their brand via internet as internet advertisement is becoming a more and more popular form of advertisement as it’s cheap yet accessible. Other technologies that can be used is online banners, television, satellite and such Free Trade Agreements (FTA) approvals- In the current issue today Malaysia is moving into efforts of getting the FTA approval. Achieving this approval Power Root can export products to countries like the U. S. Power Root has already made efforts in exporting to countries like Indonesia and Dubai. Having greater opportunities to export in other parts of the world is a plus for the brand and also the country. Unfulfilled customer needs- Power Root has ventured into a market that targets the use of Malaysian herbs into beverages. Not many quality brands out there provide this category of product. Therefore Power Root has the opportunity to intensively market their product to Malaysian consumers and also other neighbouring ASEAN countries who also share the same value of herbs as healthy drinks like Thailand, India and China. Threat Competitors- As mentioned and analyzed above, Power Root faces a lot of competitors in various forms and sizes. Oversaturation of market- The entry of many new players intend on capitalizing on the Tongkat Ali craze means that the market may become too overcrowded and in the process may hurt Power Root strategies. Brand Equity Evaluation â€Å"The differential effect that brand knowledge has on consumer response to the marketing of that brand. â₠¬  Keller, 1993 That is the general definition of a what a brand equity is. Brand equity serves as a platform where companies with brands learn from the past and guide their future plans accordingly. The consumer’s brand knowledge is the most important thing when it comes to building brand equity. Power Root consumers have sufficient knowledge when it comes to the brand itself. They are able to form brand associations fast. When consumers are able to define what are the characteristics associated with Power Root such as the events they are involved in, their brand elements, and their sponsorships and so on it shows that the consumers are able to form fast connection in their mind about Power Root. It also proves that many consumers have been exposed to the brand many times before. Brand knowledge consists of 2 core, brand awareness and brand image. Power Root has a very strong brand awareness among the consumers especially their target market the Malay market. Even those not targeted are sometimes aware of the brand proving the awareness level for the brand. Second is brand image. Power Root has a very strong image in terms of its brand elements such as logo, packaging, colour and so on. Consumers are able to pinpoint which is Power Root fast as they have the correct description in their minds. However brand image needs to be something that is strong and favourable and it does seem like Power Root matches all the criteria of a brand with high brand knowledge among consumers. To evaluate customer based brand equity of Power Root, there are several dimensions to be looked into. Salience Depth of brand awareness- Customers are able to easily recall information and image about Power root Breadth of brand awareness- When it comes to purchasing and consuming Power Root, consumers don’t seem to mind or think twice before buying. They know what they are buying and don’t spend too much time analyzing before buying. Performance- Power Root has performed up to consumer’s expectation so far. What consumers want when they buy the drink is what they get or perhaps even better. It is a value buy for them relative to the price. Imagery- Power Root has portrayed the right image in terms of consumer profile, who they are, where the product should be located, association with strong personalities that best showcase the brand itself and so on. Judgement- In terms of brand quality, Power Root is the front runner. No one invests in R like Power Root in the industry and that explains the high quality since they emphasize a lot on quality. The brand is seen as credible and superior compared to other competitors. Feelings- Consumers love this product and they love how it is being branded. Resonance- This can be seen in how attached some customers become to the brand. They call it their comfort drink and form an attachment to it. They are many consumers who have made this drink as their daily staple proving their loyalty. And judging from the many support Power Root gets to its events and contests, it shows just how the brand has formed an alliance with consumers and resonate well with them. Strategic Brand Management Recommendations There are always room for improvement even if the brand is already very successful. Power Root despite its successes, still has room for improvement. There are 4 recommendations by how Power Root can be further improved. Target Introduce to Non-Malay markets Non-Malay market presents an opportunity for Power Root as their purchasing power is yet to be tapped into. Many are not aware of the product yet and most competitor are very focused on Malay market just like Power Root. Perhaps by diversifying their target, they can enhance their presence in the local market and tighten their stronghold as well. Increase Expand international presence Power Root currently has only expanded to 4 countries, namely Korea, Indonesia, Singapore and UAE. There are many countries where coffee drinking is a craze such as France and US and presents untapped opportunities. Create a slogan Power Root currently has a void to be filled and that is clear, catchy slogan. Being an important brand element, slogan can help improve brand awareness and brand recognition. Enhance online presence The website needs to be more interactive and should be enhanced with more information. Currently it lacks in terms of interactivity and access to interesting informations. Reference 1. www. thestar. com. my 2. www. nst. com. my 3. www. powerroot. com. my 4. www. google. com 5. Strategic Brand Management- Building, Measuring and Managing Brand Equity, Kevin Lane Keller. [pic]

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