Hamlet - Intelligent , NOT Insane Essay -- William Shakespeare Hamlet

All through the Shakespearian play, Hamlet, the fundamental character is given the staggering obligation of avenging his father’s foul and most unnatural homicide (I.iv.36). Such a weight can gradually drive a man insane mentally. Along these lines, Hamlet’s air is incredibly conflicting and flighty all through the play. Now and again he gives indications of wild madness. At whatever point he interfaces with the characters he is wild, insane, and plays an idiot. At different occasions, he epitomizes insight and technique in his frenzy. In examples when he is distant from everyone else or with Horatio, he is cultivated and rational. Hamlet experiences various phases of craziness all through the story, however his hypochondriac and incredulous character intensifies his persona of appearing to be crazy to different characters. Hamlet thinks of the plan to counterfeit franticness in the start of the play so as to befuddle his adversaries. Notwithstanding, for Hamlet to sati sfy his obligation of seeking retribution, he should be absolutely normal. Hamlet’s scholarly splendor cause it to appear to be unreasonably inconceivable for him to really be distraught, for to be crazy implies that one is nonsensical and with no sense. At the point when one is unreasonable, one isn't administered by or as indicated by reason. Along these lines, Hamlet is just acting distraught so as to design his retribution on Claudius. With the goal for Hamlet to do his objective of vengeance, he must be absolutely normal. In Act I, he is cautioned by the apparition not to go frantic and not to hurt his mom. On the off chance that Hamlet were really distraught, he would have done numerous strange demonstrations, which would just wreck his arrangement of seeking retribution. There can be nothing of the sort as limited madness. Hamlet’s mental soundness is shown when he doesn't hurt his mom. Gertrude has harmed Hamlet. She deceived his dad by taking part in an extramarital entanglements with Claudius and in the long run wedding him. Since Hamlet doesn't slaughter her, it shows he is in full control of his psychological state and that he isn't constrained by his emotions like most distraught individuals. Another motivation behind why Hamlet isn't frantic is standing out he got away from his anticipated execution in England. Hamlet realized that he was to be sent to England to be slaughtered on the sets of Claudius. Be that as it may, when he saw an opportunity of break on the privateer transport, he accepted this open door to board the boat, which made him get away from death, in this manner delaying his life somewhat more. In the event that Hamlet were really frantic, it would be dubious that he would know about Claudius’ plans,... ...nd not appearing well and good at all. In correlation, Hamlet talks in standard sentences, and can speak typically with everyone around him. With much idea, and cautious arranging, Hamlet scans for proof to decide reality with regards to his dad's homicide. Furthermore, with this close by, he withdraws on a way to vindicate his dad that is both sensible and judicious. While Hamlet probably won't convey the good luck with him all through the play, he positively clutches his psychological uprightness and capacity to reason through difficulties. Hamlet pretends frenzy so he will have the option to effectively seek retribution on Claudius. All together for his arrangement not to be found, he needs to counterfeit franticness so as to lose his adversaries. For his vengeance intend to be a triumph, Hamlet should be entirely normal with the goal that he won’t damage his arrangement in any case, and to keep himself alive long enough to do it. Hamlet’s plan on demonstrating Claudius’ blame and whether the apparition is his dead dad demonstrates that Hamlet is too clever to possibly be frantic. On the off chance that Hamlet were without a doubt frantic, he would be too idiotic to concoct such an astute arrangement. Reference index: Shakespear, William. Hamlet. Wear Mills HBJ, 1987

Art Timeline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Workmanship Timeline - Essay Example Made for World War I, the piece was reproduced in banner configuration the idea of the work part workmanship, part promoting in which a goal was set for its utilization (Perman, 2008). . Fig 2 J. Howard Miller Rosie the Riveter, 1942 A ground-breaking picture for the war exertion of World War II, Rosie the Riveter, likewise made for reproducing on various banners and made by Westinghouse craftsman J. Howard Miller, was a mainstream symbol that upheld the exertion at home through crafted by ladies as the men were warriors over the sea. Through this symbolism, the motivation of difficult work with a reason turned into a manner by which to urge ladies to step out of their homes and fill the places that had been left open by their men. Albeit now considered to some degree dubious as women's activist understand that the expectation of the picture was to free ladies briefly, it despite everything speaks to the community endeavors between the sexes towards the war (Hall and Hall, 2006). Fig . 3 Richard Hamilton. Exactly would could it be that makes today’s home so extraordinary, so appealing?1956 Representing present day life through pictures that reflected Western beliefs of the 1950s, this work by Richard Hamilton underpins both the consumerist stylish and the guiltlessness with which life was surrounded during that period. Through an arrangement piece that used painted angles, the piece makes incongruity and delight through a crazed, vision that underpins the consumerist parts of the general public. The piece estimates 10 ? by 9 ?, so it isn't exceptionally enormous, however it underpins an incredible number of ideas in an extremely little casing. The work is famous in that the pictures are illustrative of American life. Fig.4 Jasper Johns. Three Flags, 1958 Jasper Johns utilized the symbolism of the banner to make a critique on his own sentiments of energy and the realistic idea of symbolism that summons a soul in its understanding. This piece is charcoal an d graphite pencil on three sheets, layered and generally speaking estimating 11X16. In taking a gander at the work, the picture accommodates purposeful publicity that provisions an assortment of enthusiastic responses to the pieces that he has made. The banner being a typical topic in his work, he progressed in the direction of bringing out a language of geometry in offset with the expressionistic estimations of the artwork. Through both the discourse through artwork hypotheses and through the topical investigations of the symbolism of the banner, Johns evoked a feeling of the American soul inside his work. Fig.5 Andy Warhol. Two Elvis, 1963. Andy Warhol memorialized a portion of the more significant symbols of his period. Made as a screenprint creation, the bit of work is 75.9X103.2 cm. This piece, titled Two Elvis, makes an amazing, yet powerful picture of Elvis Presley, dressed from a film in exemplary Americana Western clothing. The intensity of the picture is uncovered through its realistic articulation and its poignancy wherein the pleasantness of his face is counteracted the chivalry that he is depicting. Tinged with the savagery that is exampled by the weapon that he holds, the figure of Elvis touches off nationalism, wistfulness, and a feeling of excessive admiration through the famous picture of the King of Rock and Roll. Fig. 6 Robert Rauschenberg. Pivot, 1964 Robert Rauschenberg made craftsmanship that joined articles, arrangement, and painting methods to fuse the possibility of multi-media works with generally pertinent symbolism. This work, made utilizing composition

Admissions, Baseball and the Land of Statistics - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Admissions, Baseball and the Land of Statistics - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Admissions, Baseball and the Land of Statistics When I was growing up in Connecticut, baseball was my passion. My sister was a NY Yankees fan, so naturally I became a lifelong Boston Red Sox fan. I lived and died (mostly died) with the Red Sox, and my hero was Jim Rice, the home run hitting left fielder for my beloved team. I can still name most of the Sox starting nine from the late 1970s, from Hobson at third, Scott at first, Evans in right, Lynn in center and Fisk behind the plate among others. And like any baseball fan in the 70s and 80s, I collected baseball cards. There was nothing better than getting a fresh pack of Topps baseball cards to see which players you got (and nothing worse than the cheap stick of gum with a texture like cardboard and flavor that lasted for three minutes tops). The greatness of a baseball card was not just the photo on the front, but the wealth of each players statistics on the back of the card. This information transformed a kid from a mere fan into a fountain of baseball knowledge, with the ability to magically produce statistics like rabbits from a hat, amazing your friends by knowing exactly what Carl Yastrzemskis batting average was in 1977 (.296 in case you are wondering). But statistics are a funny thing. Data that at one time seemed vital to success now is not so important now, while lesser know pieces of information suddenly take on a much larger role in predicting success. The batting average of a baseball player (percentage of hits compared to at bats) has been overtaken by a players OPS (on-base percentage plus slugging percentage), which includes walks, hitting for power, and total bases. Its no longer just about getting a hit, but instead about the most efficient way for players to get on base, score runs and win the game. In the same vein, the importance of stealing bases has dropped sharply, as in general the data shows the cost of being caught stealing exceeds the rewards of being successful stealing the base. We might never see the likes of a Ricky Henderson, the greatest base-stealer ever, again in baseball. Just like with baseball statistics, admission statistics are not always static from year to year, and many times the information is misunderstood or the importance of data points changes over time. Here are a few examples of what I mean: HS GPA vs UGA GPA If you look at your average high school transcript, you will see at least one field labeled GPA, with some schools getting up to three or four GPAs (weighted, unweighted, etc.). The GPA could be on a 100 point scale, a 4.00 scale, a 5.00 scale, a 6.00 scale, even up to a 10-12 point scale. Each high school or school system has its own way of determining a GPA, and my office has no control over this (nor do we want it). But the problem is that there is no sense of standardization in a HS GPA. A 4.21 could be great in one method (4.00 scale), but merely average in another method (6.00 scale). As such, UGA does not look at, use or care about the GPA on your transcript. We calculate our own GPA so we can have a standard data point that is the same for all applicants. If you ever see us list a GPA, it is a UGA GPA that we are listing (and I have several blog posts showing how we calculate it). SAT/ACT test scores If you had asked most college admission offices 20 or more years ago about the importance of different factors in admissions, test scores would have been near the top of the list. But as universities have done research on the factors which predict success and strong grades in college, the impact of the SAT and ACT scores have lessened greatly. On the academic side, what a student does day in and day out in the high school classroom and the strength of the students coursework have shown to be much better predictors of student success. This is why you are seeing a number of colleges go test optional for their admissions process. When I see Chance me comments on certain web sites, SAT and ACT scores are generally the first or second thing listed in their description. This is not the order in which I would put them at all. AP/IB/DE Data When admissions offices talk about course rigor, it is almost impossible to convey things in a meaningful way. When we say that the average admitted student had a Very Rigorous schedule, this does not convey any real information, and leaves people wanting more details. As such, we have tried listing the mid-range data for AP/IB/DE courses taken over four years, but even this is somewhat misleading, as colleges are not telling students to shoot for a certain number of rigorous courses. What we are looking at is how a student has challenged themselves overall from 9th through 12th grade in their core area courses, and especially in the broader sense of their academic passion, as we want students to be prepared for the rigors of UGAs classes. We are not looking at a certain number of AP/IB/DE courses, but instead on how you have overall prepared yourself for UGA academic experience within the options at your school and in your community. In addition, as UGA has moved (and will move even farther in the future) to a more holistic review process to look at the entire applicant, there will be more focus on the context of the individual students personal situation. What are the academic options for the student within their community, what challenges has this student faced in their personal life, what has the happened within the students academic and co-curricular activities over the period of their high school years, etc. We are looking at the trends within the students application (how have their grades and rigor progressed), and how they have challenged themselves in the five core academic areas over time. If a student has faced a hurdle, how have they overcome it? If a student has a passion (be it theater, fencing, birding or whatever), how have they pursued this passion (I have seen all three of these this year). The overall admissions process at UGA has changed a great deal over the past 20 years at UGA, and the information and key data points have also changed. Just like with the baseball statistics, it is now a whole new ballgame. Go Dawgs!

Homosexuality Nature vs. Nurture Essay - 1208 Words

Sexual orientation is something that people hear about daily in the news, media, and daily lives of others, especially when it comes to the field of psychology and the nature versus nurture debate. For being as commonly debated and discussed as it is, there are many questions that come along with it: what is sexual orientation, how do people know their sexual orientation, what causes homosexuality, is it normal, is it possible to change, and can wanting LGBT, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, youth to change lead to suicide? Sexual Orientation The question of what sexual orientation actually is and how to define it is a very common question within itself. Sexual orientation, as a whole, is a pattern of various types of†¦show more content†¦Sometimes the feelings of one or more of the various forms of attraction to someone of the same sex appear with sexual experience and encounters that one may have, but most commonly these feelings emerge without any previous sexual experience and this fact leads us to believe that being gay is most-likely not a choice (â€Å"Sexual Orientation and homosexuality† 1). The question, â€Å"How did you know you’re gay?† will typically result in the same answer every time, â€Å"I just know.† However, when an LGBT person is asking this question they can turn it around and ask the same question to someone who straight, â€Å"How did you know you were straight?† As a result, it is shown that being gay is like any other characteri stics and is something that goes unanswered as to why it is the way it is. What Causes Homosexuality? There are multiple theories people hold on how they believe homosexuality started or is generally caused. However, after multiple studies and ongoing research the likelihood that it is nature, rather than nurture, based is going strong. Although, as of now, there has been no exact consensus among researchers, after examining possible genetic, hormonal, developmental, social, and/or cultural influences, to prove that homosexuality is completely one or the other, but it is usually found that people cannot choose their sexual orientation, but rather onlyShow MoreRelatedNature vs. Nurture: Homosexuality2002 Words   |  9 Pagescause of sexuality. The whole subject is hidden in darkness’; this is a quote by Charles Darwin which illustrates the fact that your sexual orientation is unknown- this suggests that homosexuality is evolved through the upbringing and personal experiences. Many Social Theorists agree with this and they argue that Nurture is the main factor when considering the reasons behind human sexuality. They also suspect that upbringing and parental and family dynamics has a direct effect on a child s sexualityRead MoreHomosexuality : Nature And Nature871 Words   |  4 PagesHomosexuality: Nature or nurture By: Clifnie francois Advance Placement Psychology Mr. Cuetara June 4 2015 Abstract The nature and nature of homosexuality is heavily debated. Some people believe that homosexuality is biologically determined and others believe it’s base on ones environment. This topic can be argue to be base on both nature and nurture. Studies conducted in the past decades support both the biological and environmentalRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : A Debate Within Psychology1344 Words   |  6 Pages1 Kaeezs Mark Lee F. Tonda PSY 100 Nature Vs. Nurture There s a debate within psychology about whether certain aspects of behavior are genetic or learned characteristics. Certain physical characteristics are genetic, like color of eyes, hair type, and skin color. Other things like driving, talking, or tying your shoes are learned. People wonder if personality and mental abilities are genetic or learned. There are good arguments for both the nurture, and nature side of these three issues: intelligenceRead MoreNature vs. Nurture Essay1987 Words   |  8 PagesKeith Mierzejewski Methods of Critical Thinking Research Paper December 11, 2010 Nature vs. Nurture One of the most enduring debates in the field of psychology is the controversial idea of nature vs. nurture. Throughout the endless history of the debate, no clear conclusion has been met, only hypotheses have been formed. At the center of the debate, human behaviors, ideas, and feelings are being determined, whether they are learned or inherited. Determining physical traits, such as eye colorRead More The Never-ending Story: Sexual Orientation and Genetics Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Never-ending Story: Sexual Orientation and Genetics It is my observation that the average person gains insight into the nature vs. nurture debate when some particular human trait that is politically or socially volatile at the time is announced as having a specific genetic origin. This observation was confirmed when, in surfing the web, I came across an article entitled, Female Inner Ear Comes Out of the Closet (1). While reporting on a study published by a UT psychology professor whoRead More Nature vs Nurture Essay556 Words   |  3 PagesNature vs Nurture What makes a woman a woman and a man a man? Are we who we are because we are raised differently from others? Many of our physical traits such as gender, skin colour and blood group are rather straightforward in that they are directly attributed to our genes which have been mapped out in recent years. However, certain human traits remains a biological mystery. These traits have been studied on the outside but whose inside origins remain unclear. Such mysterious traits canRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature And Nurture844 Words   |  4 Pagesis referred to as nature vs. nurture. It poses a question that many theorists have contested. Do human personalities and behaviors relate to our genetic makeup, or are we directly influenced by the environment and people that we are subjected to? What is more important, genes or environment? While some theorists take either one side over the other, some believe that both nature and nurture play an active role in human development. What is the nature side of the debate? Nature mainly refers to geneticRead MoreIs Human Sexuality The Result Of Nature Or Nurture?1153 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction To Human Behaviour: †¨18435577†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ To what extent is human sexuality the result of nature or nurture?†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ The nature and nurture of the human sexuality has been a debate argued among researchers and scientists. With regards to human sexuality, both nature and nurture become an integral factor in making the sexual beings that we eventually get to be. From our hereditary inclinations to how our associates influence our advancement, our childhoods have a tendency to be one long trek intoRead MoreIs Homosexuality Or Not?1294 Words   |  6 Pages Is homosexuality genetic? This a common question asked among society today. While some people argue that homosexuality is genetic, some people also believe that it is nature and not nurture. Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living organisms. Genetic processes work in combination with an organism s environment and experiences that influence development and behavior of the organism, often stated to as nature vs nurture. Trait inheritance of genes isRead MoreWhy Are People Gay?967 Words   |  4 Page s Not just a century ago, there was an act that was considered heresy; homosexuality, a different side of sexuality found in all recesses of history. Humans are not the only ones with evidence of homosexuality in their species, it has long been debated whether it was formed from being genetically born that way or nurtured. The long found history has been only puzzling as the two sides of the spectrum in views, and only being publicly accepted in the 1940s. In Natasha Tracy’s article â€Å"Why Are

Reflective Observation Reflection Paper - 1698 Words

I felt the heat of the sun shinning through my window, I covered my face with a pillow even though I knew it was time to get up. I slowly rolled out of bed, splashed my face with cold water, got my gear on, and headed out the door. A couple days a week I would arrive early to the studio to sit and observe the â€Å"early risers† stretch their way through their practice. I sat in the back of the small, dimly lit room, that smells subtly of lavender. The heat gave the brick covered walls and wooden floors a warm, homey feeling. As I sat cozily, I observed the expressions on the students faces as they moved in unison, the flexibility of their bodies, and the quiet, calm voice of the instructor, Nola. As their practice came to an end I†¦show more content†¦There are hundreds of postures and variations to those postures, which work to make the spine supple and to promote circulation in all the organs, glands, and tissues. Haha postures also stretch and align the body, prom oting balance and flexibility. I attend a small yoga studio called, Yoga on Yamhill. This is a two-story, donation based studio located in the heart of downtown Portland. My first observation about my yoga community is that growth is better in groups. Yoga is a path to happiness, like any physical activity, it’s better in the company of some inspirational people who see you moving forward. Our yoga practice induce deep thought, wider breathing, eating more mindfully, learning therapeutic concepts, making patient and conscious decisions about our bodies and lives, and treating others with respect and kindness. This type of growing requires support of other like-minded people serving towards similar goals. Knowing that person in Down Dog next to you is pushing towards a similar goal is comforting and inspiring. It motivates your body and your mind and pushes your practice into the corners of your mat that can be hard to reach without outside inspiration from your community. Secondly, motivation! I know I will sleep in instead of going to class without a friend telling me I need to get up. Finding that sense of place among like-minded individualsShow MoreRelatedReflective Writing1241 Words   |  5 PagesHow do I . . . Write a Reflection? Why reflective writing? Reflection offers you the opportunity to consider how your personal experiences and observations shape your thinking and your acceptance of new ideas. Professors often ask students to write reading reflections. They do this to encourage you to explore your own ideas about a text, to express your opinion rather than summarise the opinions of others. Reflective writing can help you to improve your analytical skills because it requiresRead MoreReflection Paper On Reflective Teaching758 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Paper: Reflective Teaching It’s not easy for every person in the teaching filed to be a good and professional teacher without working hard on adjusting and being able to change and use different methods in teaching that they have not used. As a person who wants to be a great teacher in the future, I find that using different methods of teaching and being able to reflect on my teaching by trying new ways of teaching and getting feedback from my colleagues and my students are essential pointsRead MoreDifferences Between Mirror Gazing, Gender, And Self Esteem, Body Dysmorphic Disorder976 Words   |  4 Pageswhether females were more likely to look in the mirror than males. Females and males were observed at two locations on campus where reflective surfaces were available. Students recorded whether or not a female or male looked at his/her reflection at the reflective surface. The results of the study revealed that there were more females than males who had looked at their reflection. Females are more lik ely to have self-esteem issues and it is possible that these findings are because of this distinction. ExcessiveRead More Observation as a Social Work Tool and Skill Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesis going to look into observation as a social work tool and skill. Firstly, it is going to briefly describe the observation. Secondly it will analyse the interactions using a reflective approach. And finally, it will look into some relevant social work skills and values that relate to the discussed topic. The observation exercise was carried out on the upper deck of a London Bus on a weekday evening and lasted approximately fifteen minutes. The subjects of the observation were a male in his lateRead MoreThe Importance Of Reflective Practices That Provide Opportunities For Mathematics Teachers1665 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of reflective practices that provide opportunities for mathematics teachers to systematically assess the effects of their practice and experiences. Reflective practices that provide opportunities for mathematics teachers to systematically assess the effects of their practices and experiences are very important. The research I have found supports the use of reflective practices even if it means slowing down the pace of the material covered. One type of reflective practice is formativeRead MoreReflective Paper1125 Words   |  5 Pages1 Reflective Paper MTH 157 July 2, 2013 Gina Loscalzo Evan Schwartz Reflective Paper 2 Math for Elementary Teachers II is the second part in a two part series. The mathematical concepts that were focused on throughout the second part of Math for Elementary Teachers were on measurement, geometry, probability, and data analysis. Just like part one of Math for Elementary Teachers, part two also address the relationship of the courseRead MoreA Brief Note On Legislation And When The National Health Service ( Nhs ) Essay966 Words   |  4 Pagesoffered care to all from birth through to death. The NHS was established as a result of the 1944 White Paper. The 1946 NHS Act came into effect on the 5th July 1948, and was founded by Health Secretary Aneurin Bevan. 1962 saw the publication of the Porritt Report, which raised concerns about the NHSRead MoreSimulation Of Nursing Ed ucation : A Literature Review1712 Words   |  7 Pagesparticipate in simulation and learn through hands on experience integrating critical thinking and adaptation rather than strictly learning based on content delivery as it is often the case in the classroom. (Brown Bostic, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to review and report on how Kolb’s Learning Theory is integrated into simulation education within the field of nursing. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory Kolb’s experiential learning theory states that experiential learning emphasizesRead MoreClinical Practices Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pagesthe how to grade the clinical course has caused debate and concern among nursing educators for years (McCarthy Murphy, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to examine current assessment practices through current research : reflective journaling (self-evaluation), competency-based performance assessment, and faculty/agency personnel observation/communication that are designed accurately to document competency within the framework of accelerating and fluctuating needs in education and practiceRead MoreJohns Reflection And Gibbs Reflection in Nursing Practice1931 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: In this essay, I will discuss several issues that seem to bind nursing practice with questions of ethics, sociology and management. Reflective practice is an important aspect of nursing management and in this essay we discuss implications of discrimination in nursing care and examine the importance of anti-discriminatory perspectives in nursing. In this paper, the case study I will elaborate is of an elderly woman who was of a non-British ethnic origin and spoke little English. A junior nurse

Pup 301 Free Essays

Parul Singh PUP 301 5th February 2013 Putting Greenways in My life The article â€Å"Putting Greenways First† talks about how cities in America are trying to â€Å"Go Green† by investing in more parks, the planting of trees, and creating overall green neighborhoods and streets. These will encourage citizens to spend more time exercising outside rather than being cooped up inside in front of their television. In the 21st century, a lot of land is cut down and built on to serve as neighborhoods, shopping malls, government buildings and grocery stores as urbanization occurs due to high pressure of immigrants and population increase every year. We will write a custom essay sample on Pup 301 or any similar topic only for you Order Now These cities, such as Mumbai, often have little trees due to large population and no land to support the population. Though urban planners and locals alike have become more aware of the environmental issues affecting global warming, there has been a steady rise in different approaches to make cities beautiful, healthy and better places to live in. The term â€Å"Greenway† comes to mind, as it is one of the first steps to making a city more environmentally friendly. Greenways are pedestrian streets like sidewalks, but instead of it being only concrete there is a high emphasis on vegetation. This creates both a visually attractive and comfortable setting for people to enjoy taking walks in contrast to taking the car. As the article suggests, low-density suburban sprawl may directly influence obesity rates in cities. Encouraging citizens to walk to school or use their bike by creating an attractive and pleasant environment may be one of the many solutions to lower obesity rates. As we see more development in our life, we can argue that the environment becomes more contaminated. There are around 20 billion tons of CO2 and other poisonous gases, like methane gas, that are absorbed by the atmosphere every year. This poisonous environment kills around 14 thousand people all over the world, for example if exposed to methane gas, it causes dizziness, headache and nausea. This confirms that to achieve a healthy lifestyle at which people are not only wealthy but also healthy and safe, we need to find ways to protect our environment. Building a green city is thus a very sustainable strategy. I was born in India (Pune) and lived in Thailand (Bangkok) for all my life. These are developing equatorial countries where a lot of people live in the cities. So living in the cities of India and Thailand, I have always felt like there is not much greenery and the pollution in these cities is high. And every year whenever I go back to Pune, I always see there are more and more buildings; the land that is in the processes of being cleared. These cities are not growing sustainably or in a â€Å"green† way because India for example, has to put money in education, health care, and other thing in order to decrease the increasing population. America, on other hand prioritizes green way because they have already put a lot of effort and money on building schools and hospitals for its citizens. The issue in Phoenix and in Bangkok is that both places are hot. There are less outdoor events because of the heat. For example, people prefer playing tennis indoors than outdoors during summers, because they need to take extra precautions like putting sunscreen on their body to protect themselves from sun burns or carry extra water to keep themselves from getting dehydrated. In Bangkok, it is so humid that when you go outside for five minutes, people always take a shower. It is very time consuming to live in a place as hot as Bangkok or Phoenix because as it is really hot, people waste their time taking a shower twice or even three times a day, and this in turn wastes a lot of water. I went to Beijing, China in 2010, and I was shocked to see how well planned the city was despite the fact that it was still a developing city, with high population and very bad pollution. Approximately, Beijing city has around 40,000 trees. The trees are planted along the road and there is a pedestrian road, beside which goes into small green parks. The trees that are planted are all the same size, and during winter, the polythene sheets are wrapped around and thick ropes around the sheet protect the bark of the trees. I thought that it was a great way of making a city green, given the thought that it is not technically green because of the pollution. After reading the article, I thought that the ideas and examples given by Arendt in the article are solely based on America. Most American cities, compared to cities in developing countries, have a lower population per mile. People here like to settle in the suburbs of the city because they have bigger houses, more space where they can have their own gardens, which is a good idea considering the downtown of the city is noisier, polluted and has little vegetation. The article gave out a lot of examples of American cities where the planners are making areas of green parks, so people can spend quality time outdoors. They are also making public transports better, so people walk to the nearest train station or bus station. They have a lot of parks with walkways, where people can spend some time walking or jogging. This will make them fit and healthy. There are ideas like car-pooling, which is when two or more people share the same car to arrive at the same destination, so more than one person can travel in a car. It is seen as a sustainable way to travel, reducing carbon emissions and hence reducing people’s carbon footprint. In conclusion, I realized that the whole concept of greenways might be able to work in some cities, which are in Colorado or Florida, because of the climatic conditions, space to build parks and less population. But it would not work in developing countries because there is a lot of population ratio to little space. But measures can still be taken to create a more environmentally friendly atmosphere, for example – some companies in London are making their building’s roof top green by planting trees in order to have a green and sustainable environment, in order to decrease the carbon footprint. In some countries, the government does not think of environment as their number one priority, mainly because they do not have enough money to reinforce ideas such as greenways. On the other hand, in cities like Phoenix, we are able to plant more trees and build parks which can provide a lot of shade and have a little sprinkling water which can make people come out of their houses more often. Greenways give sustainable solutions to various cities with climatic traits. How to cite Pup 301, Papers

Price Elasticity free essay sample

There are several examples that come to mind when I think of price elasticity. Included in my list are fuel, cigarettes, electricity, and toilet paper. Price elasticity means that the behaviors of supply and demand are not affected when the price of that particular item rises (changes). Our local power companies experience price elasticity on the energy that we demand, when they continually raise prices but the amount of consumer usage is unaffected.In some parts of the country their may be alternatives such as gas heat and fire places which would all contribute to less usage thereby decreasing the likelihood of the price of being inelastic since there would be substitutions. So, rate increases to our power bills increases revenue for the power companies. There is little to analyze since there are no complements. The demand for energy is inelastic so total revenue increases. Elasticity is when there are few variables to change the consumption habits in this particular example, thereby resulting in increased total revenues. We will write a custom essay sample on Price Elasticity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, when there are considerably more variables affecting supply and demand; substitutions is one variable that may actually cause a decrease in total revenue because the price of power has now become elastic when consumers refuse to use power because of the rate increases and they have an alternative source. According to our text and investopedia price elasticity means that supply and demand are affected by changes in the price of an item. A small change in price is accompanied by a large change in demand for the product when the product is elastic.

Jussive (Clauses) Definition and Examples

Jussive (Clauses) Definition and Examples A jussive is a type of clause (or a form of a verb) that expresses an order or command. In Semantics (1977), John Lyons notes that the term imperative sentence is often employed by other writers in the broader sense that we have given here to jussive sentence; and this can lead to confusion. Etymology: from the Latin, command Example Jussives include not only imperatives, as narrowly defined, but also related non-imperative clauses, including some in subjunctive mood: Be sensible.You be quiet.Everybody listen.Lets forget it.Heaven help us.It is important that he keep this a secret. The term jussive is, however, used to some extent as a syntactic label, and in this use would not include commands expressed as straight declaratives, e.g. You will do what I say. In popular grammars, where the term is not used, such structures would be dealt with under an expanded imperative label and under subjunctives. (Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiner, Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1994) Commentary Jussive: A term sometimes used in the grammatical analysis of verbs, to refer to a type of mood often equated with an imperative (leave!), but in some languages needing to be distinguished from it. For example, in Amharic, a jussive paradigm is used for wishes (May God give you strength), greetings, and certain other contexts, and this is formally distinct from the imperative. (David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 4th ed. Blackwell, 1997)Imperatives constitute a subclass of a somewhat larger class of jussive clauses. . . . Non-imperative jussives include main clauses like The devil take the hindmost, God save the queen, So be it, and subordinate clauses like [It is essential] that he accompany her, [I insist] that they not be told. The construction exemplified here is productive only in subordinate clauses: the main clauses are virtually restricted to fixed expressions or formulae. Like imperatives they have a base form as first verb... A number of other relative ly minor main clause constructions might be included in the jussive category: May you be forgiven!, If that is what the premier intends, let him say so, and so on. (Rodney Huddleston, English Grammar: An Outline. Cambridge University Press, 1988) [John] Lyons [Semantics, 1977: 747] argues that the imperative can only be, strictly, second person, and never third person (or first person). This may, however, be no more than a terminological issue, since first and third person imperatives are often simply called jussives. Bybee (1985: 171) suggests that where there is a full set of person-number forms the term optative is used, but this is not entirely suitable in view of the fact that the term is used traditionally for the optative mood in Classical Greek (8.2.2)...  The term Jussive (plus Imperative) is preferred here. (F. R. Palmer, Mood and Modality, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2001)

Symbiotic Ants and Aphids Have a Strong Relationship

Symbiotic Ants and Aphids Have a Strong Relationship Ants and aphids share a well-documented symbiotic relationship, which means they both benefit mutually from their working relationship. Aphids produce a sugary food for the ants, in exchange, ants care for and protect the aphids from predators and parasites. Aphids Produce a Sugary Meal Aphids are also known as plant lice, they are very small sap-sucking insects that collect the sugar-rich fluids from host plants. Aphids are also the bane of farmers the whole world over. Aphids are known crop destroyers. The aphids must consume large quantities of a plant to gain adequate nutrition. The aphids then excrete equally large quantities of waste, called honeydew, which in turn becomes a sugar-rich meal for ants. Ants Turn Into Dairy Farmers As most people know, where there is sugar, there is bound to be ants. Some ants are so hungry for the aphid honeydew, that they will milk the aphids to make them excrete the sugary substance. The ants stroke the aphids with their antennae, stimulating them to release the honeydew. Some aphid species have lost the ability to excrete waste  on their own and depend entirely on caretaker ants to milk them. Aphids in an Ants Care Aphid-herding ants make sure aphids stay well-fed and safe. When the host plant is depleted of nutrients, the ants carry their aphids to a new food source. If predatory insects or parasites attempt to harm the aphids, the ants will defend them aggressively. Some ants even go so far as to destroy the eggs of known aphid predators like ladybugs. Some species of ants continue to care for aphids during winter. The ants carry the aphid eggs to their nests for the winter months. They store the precious aphids where temperatures and humidity are optimal, and move them as needed when conditions in the nest change. In spring, when the aphids hatch, the ants carry them to a host plant to feed. A well-documented example of the extraordinary mutualistic relationship of a corn root aphid, from the species Aphis middletonii,  and their caretaker cornfield ants,  Lasius. Corn root aphids, as their name suggests, live and feed on the roots of corn plants. At the end of the growing season, the aphids deposit eggs in the soil where the corn plants have withered. The cornfield ants collect the aphid eggs and store them for the winter. Smartweed is a fast-growing weed that can grow in the spring in the cornfields. Cornfield ants carry the newly hatched aphids to the field and deposit them on the temporary host smartweed plants so they can begin feeding. Once the corn plants are growing, the ants move their honeydew-producing partners to the corn plants, their preferred host plant. Ants Enslave Aphids While it appears the ants are generous caretakers of aphids, ants are more concerned about maintaining their steady honeydew source than anything else. Aphids are almost always wingless, but certain environmental conditions will trigger them to develop wings. If the aphid population becomes too dense, or food sources decline, aphids can grow wings to fly to a new location. Ants, however, do not look favorably upon losing their food source. Ants can prevent aphids from dispersing. Ants have been observed tearing the wings from aphids before they can become airborne. Also, a recent study has shown that ants can use semiochemicals to stop the aphids from developing wings and to impede their ability to walk away. Resources and Further Reading Cranshaw, Whitney, and Richard Redak. Bugs Rule!: An Introduction to the World of Insects. Princeton University, 2013.

Whole foods SWAT analysis organization design class Essay

Whole foods SWAT analysis organization design class - Essay Example The explicit set of core values underscore the commitment of Whole Foods personnel in delivering foods that abide by the highest quality standards and adhere to compliance with the following: organic farming, seafood sustainability, animal welfare standards, caring for communities, and whole trade guarantee (Whole Foods Market: Mission & Values); The financial success of Whole Foods over the last five years, as measured by its net income figure had been on the uptrend, from $49.68 million in December 31, 2009 up to $146.00 million in the same period in 2012; which is indicative of a 194% growth rate of the three-year period (Whole Foods Market Net Income Quarterly); The management team and leaders of Whole Foods have continued to stir the company towards success through a proactive stance in leadership, strategies design and implementation, as well as in applying the most effective management styles. Likewise, it was evident that the management team has consistently provided appropriate motivation, rewards, and incentives for all its personnel to accord them professional growth and continuous development; Has always and consistently been recognized by Fortune among the 100 Best Companies to Work For (Whole Foods Market) for 16 consecutive years; attesting to the high job satisfaction and exemplary motivation accorded by the management to all of its personnel. Although the organization has manifested steady and continuous growth in strategic store locations, it could be deduced that the locations are confined to three main areas: the USA, Canada and the UK; as such, there is a lack of market expansion and exposure to other international markets; Since the ingredients are all natural and organic, the prices of their products are relatively more expensive than other traditional food items and therefore, the target market is limited to the middle-to-higher income groups. Whole Foods is continually looking for strategic store locations, and it

Cross-cultural Training literature review ( International HRM) Essay

Cross-cultural Training literature review ( International HRM) - Essay Example Although cross-cultural study proceeded throughout the 1980s, the 1990s faced an ups and down in the account of research committed to Cross-cultural training. The increasing rate of economy globalization was one accelerator for the expanded interest in CCT. Moreover, research pointed to cross-cultural problems in the workplace has expanded in importance because researchers have been unable to find out the minor issues and to specify their research advances into an implementation. Particularly, multinational corporations (MNCs) have not yet designed many of the CCT policies that researchers present because the researches by the researchers have not completely solved the issues and the controversies lying under the goals, content, objectives of Cross culture training. The programs designed for encouraging cross culture environment is an objective to train people to live and survive in a cross culture environment. In early days, it was hard to cope up with different cultures at workplac e. Usually, people from developing countries feel depressed while working at multi cultural environment. People feel more pressure especially people from under developed countries. There was a need to cope up with the cultural difference and to treat all employees on the basis of their work and progress, rather than rating them on the basis of culture, race and religion. First study on Cross culture training was done by Brislon with the topic â€Å"Cross culture Orientation program† (Brislin, 1981). In the end of the year, other researchers realized the fact that there is more effort required to train the people to live abroad comfortably, with the passage of time, the field is now being referred as Cross culture or intercultural training worldwide. Paige (1986) described cross culture training as the program designed to prepare people to live outside their country and to work with confidence without being in the pressure of other cultures. Other researchers define cross cult ure training as the program to prepare people for the success in their jobs and to improve their interpersonal skills. The main idea of the programmers is to train people for the moment when they deal extensively with the people belongs to culture than their own. There are several training programs are in progress under different organizations and groups. These programs are influenced by experts who have great knowledge about the range of issues people face while working in the cross culture environment. These programrs do not train people only for any other country but also for their home land. In 1950’s, Oberg introduces the term â€Å"Cultural shock† describing the issues people face when they deal with people from other cultures. He described the term† Cultural shock† as a disease of people who have suddenly been transported aboard and presented as the predicated by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercours e. Thus, he described the term as the issues people face while moving or dealing with other cultures. The symptoms of cultural shock include both physical and physiological complaints. Physical person may feel headache, dyeria and psychological a person might feel depression. The concept of cultural shock encouraged people to provide training in this domain. The contrast American Method, taps on

Kate Chopins The Storm :: essays research papers

A Storm Within the Storm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are two storms in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm.† The first happens as Bobinot (Calixta’s husband) and Bibi (Calixta’s son) are at Freidheimer’s store. Unable to walk home in such a downpour, they remain there waiting for the storm to pass. Meanwhile, â€Å"Calixta, at home, felt no uneasiness for their safety† (108). Preparing for the storm, Calixta goes to gather the clothes on the line outside. â€Å"As she stepped outside, Alcee Laballiere rode in at the gate. She had not seen him very often since her marriage, and never alone† (108). As they both took refuge in the house from the storm outside, the second storm begins to brew.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Calixta, scared from the storm, finds herself in Alcee’s arms. â€Å"Do you remember-in Assumption, Calixta? he asked...Oh! she remembered; for in Assumption he had kissed her and kissed her and kissed her† (109). As both storms begin to peak, they retreat to her bedroom. â€Å"They did not heed the crashing torrents, and the roar of the elements made her laugh as she lay in his arms. Her firm, elastic flesh that was knowing for the first time its birthright, was like a creamy lily† (110).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This second storm seems to pass with the first. â€Å"The rain is over...Calixta, on the gallery, watched Alcee ride away. He turned and smiled; and she lifted her pretty chin in the air and laughed aloud† (110). As Bobinot and Bibi return, they enter in the backdoor expecting the wrath of Calixta for being muddy. To their surprise, she is rather carefree and seems only interested in their safe return. Bobinot pulls out from his pocket, shrimp he had purchased earlier, and they prepare to feast that night. The feast was full of laughter and relaxation. In the meantime, Alcee writes his wife, Clarisse, in Beloxi. â€Å"It was a loving letter, full of tender solitude† (111).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How does everything just go back to normal without difficulty of any kind?

Competition in the Movie Rental Industry: Netflix and Redbox

The competitive forces in the movie rental industry are quite strong, as I will explain through the five forces model. There are a vast amount of substitutes for watching a movie. You can go to a play, sporting event, concert, out the lake/beach, go for a run, watch regular television, go shopping; I could go on and on. Also, torrenting or pirating movies is growing increasingly popular. Buyers have a strong presence in this industry mainly because they are picky about how much they will pay to rent or stream a movie.With the amount of substitutes and their pickiness, they make this industry more competitive than what it may seem. Suppliers can make this industry very difficult because there is so much red tape in the movie industry. There are copyrights and restrictions on everything. This gives the supplier a lot of leverage and for the most part, they know that they can demand a price of just about anything. I see the potential and threat of new entrants being moderate to strong. First off; many customers have their loyalties whether it be to Netflix, Redbox or a local hometown movie rental.Secondly; pricing, availability and quality are all key factors. Lastly you have to have a large sum of money upfront in order to get the ball rolling. As I mentioned prior, gaining rights from movie companies is not cheap. The rivalry among the competitors is rather intense as they are battling for the best prices, biggest variety, quickest accessibility for the customer, and quality movies (HD streaming, few scratches and number of blu-rays). With the growing increases in technology and home entertainment, there are major forces pushing for change in the movie rental industry.In addition to this; we now live in a world where people want something and they want it NOW. I work in retail and this â€Å"in the now† era is changing everything and is putting a lot of pressure on almost any company. This has increased the push for expansion of online streaming and or th e ease of access to movie rental kiosks. Also in this new world, there is a huge demand for entertainment. Our generation spends more time in front of the TV and now computers, tablets and smart phones than ever before.The increase in the quality of televisions, surround sounds and filming capabilities is pushing the envelope. People are also always looking for the biggest bargain while maintaining quality. When looking at a strategic map the two variables would be price and how quickly the product can be attained. Netflix and Redbox rank high within each category. On the other hand Blockbuster and Movie gallery would be ranked much lower due to their high prices and the fact that you have to go out of your way to a brick and mortar store.The biggest key success factor to me over the next 3-5 years will be the capability to stream HD content at home. I understand that this hinders on your internet provider due to bandwidth. But I believe that if a customer can stream HD content it w ill save them the cost of purchasing a blu-ray player and blu-ray videos. To stem off of this idea, it’s going to depend upon how quickly the customer can obtain the video. After those two factors, I think that price (low) will then come into play. People want things to be as simple and as user-friendly as possible.Whether this is how it easy is to navigate a website or make purchase at a kiosk machine. Lastly I foresee the variety being a component of success; I don’t know about you but I do miss some of the movies from the 90s. After performing a SWOT analysis of Netflix, the company looks increasingly more popular. First off, lets look at Netflix’s strengths. Overall Netflix has had strong financial stability as they have grown their margins year over year. They definitely have their brand name out on the market; much of this can be attributed to their amount of advertising.You can say that they have alliances given that their videos can be streamed on virtua lly any device (phone, tablet, and computer). This also allows their content to be viewed virtually anywhere. The fact that they teamed up with Oracle to work on their website was a very beneficial move as this gives them somewhat propitiatory technology. I personally enjoy their recommendations and it is obvious that with their next arrival that they have strong logistics. They have a big cost advantage too.If I can stream a whole season of How I Met Your Mother in one day, I feel as though the $8. 9 that I spent was a good investment and yet I still have another 29 or 30 days to go. The two times that I had to deal with their customer service; they quality of service was outstanding and I’ve heard many other wonderful testimonials. When looking at weaknesses, I feel that their inability to provide new releases is a major drawback. In addition to this, they need to amp the selection for online streaming since streaming is expanding rapidly. The issue at hand with streaming i s that it can potentially lead to server crashes if there are too many users on at once.Netflix can also be very enticing to hackers since there is so much personal information stored. I would say that the biggest opportunity for Netflix would to be to make deals with the movie production companies to allow Netflix to offer new releases. To feed off of that, they need to increase their variety; particularly in the selection of indie and international films. With as big as they have become Netflix should try to gain rights to more countries. They could try to test out the video rental industry. This would help them out as gamers can stream Netflix on their consoles.Since they have software to offer recommendations based off of likes, they could look into developing a music streaming service similar to Pandora. Lastly, they need to set up kiosks in high traffic shopping areas. Maybe they could start this by putting up kiosks in each of the 50 towns in which they have a distribution ce nter. I see the biggest threat being the increasing amount of pirating movies and people performing illegal downloads. The supplier has a lot pulling power as they can quote big prices. If other companies began to enter the online streaming idea; Netflix will have to look for ways to distinguish itself.Redbox’s SWOT analysis does not make it look as attractive as Netlfix, however it is still pretty strong. Again starting with strengths; Redbox has its kiosks placed in prime locations. It is much more convenient for a customer to pick up a movie as they are walking out of the grocery store or McDonald’s than it is for them to drive to a physical store location. It is good for both the store and Redbox. I feel that their prices give them a large competitive advantage especially when comparing to the price of a rental from Blockbuster or Movie Gallery.Their smartphone app allows the customer to decide whether or not they can go out and pick up a certain film. I know that many people appreciate the fact that Redbox has many new release films. Moving on to weaknesses; the biggest issue with kiosks is the amount of variety and inventory. There are only 20 to 30 films to choose and I feel that folks enjoy more choices. The other issue with kiosks is that nobody is there to inspect the condition of the disks therefore a customer can potentially rent a scratched up disk.The beauty of Netflix is that your movie will arrive on your doorstep or you can stream it instantly. With the increasing price in gas, it can be seen as somewhat of an inconvenience to drive out to a kiosk. On a positive note, Redbox has many opportunities available to it. They can start off by offering online streaming. Like Netflix, I suggest that they look into tapping into the video game market at their kiosks. After lifting their lawsuits from Universal and Warner bros, they should renegotiating the length of time that it takes to get their hands on new release films.Redbox’s biggest threat would if/when other companies also begin to offer rentals via kiosk locations. The advances in technology may one day lead us away from using discs and virtually everything will be done online. They also face uncontrollable threats such as snow days. It is much easier for the customer to stream a video with Netflix than it is for them to bundle up, clear off their vehicle and risk their lives in hazardous driving conditions. Financially Netflix has been quite sound since its creation.I am rather impressed with how well its gross profit and net income have steadily increased year over year. On the other hand, it does somewhat bother me that their stockholder’s equity has decreased each year since 2005. Recommendation: Netflix: I recommend to Netflix that they look into adding kiosk locations in attempt to drive out Redbox as much as possible. This will pull in any more customers because not everyone enjoys being on a subscription and paying monthly rates. By the time everything turns completely towards online streaming, you will be leaving Redbox in the dust with almost nothing.To further help with pulling customers away from Redbox, Netflix needs to look into gaining access to new release films. With their powerful software, Netflix should look into a streaming service similar to Pandora and or create something like iTunes where customers can purchase and download music. Redbox: Redbox has got to get with the program and offer online content. Along with this, they should offer some sort of subscription service to ensure that they are holding onto their customer base. They could also look into having a rental service via online so that they can offer their customers more variety in movies.

I Am an Existentialist Essay - 1112 Words

I consider myself an existentialist. There are two basic approaches to this philosophy: either one rejoices in the freedom of the idea that a higher power is not imposing rules and purpose onto our existence, or, one sinks beneath the burden of responsibility that this bequeaths. Existentialists like Sartre, who can only see the bleak and meaningless aspects of living, have missed the opportunity that this philosophy gives to structure and guide their lives based on their own inner moral principles. I think that the inability to cope with inherent absence of meaning points to a dependence on the guidance of a higher power: in effect, a reluctance to take responsibility for oneself. I see existentialism as an incredibly liberating†¦show more content†¦I have a good friend who is a dark existentialist. Sometimes it seems that the only viewpoint he can see from is the far-out, detached, meaningless one. It must be cold for him out there, looking down at humanity. If he would on ly come closer to a few special things, decide on a goal, pursue a conviction, he would be much warmer. Our western society has developed into a place where connections are dangerous. How easy is it to take responsibility for ones actions when something as basic as buying a hamburger means sponsoring a production process that leads to deforestation, animal abuse, unsanitary working conditions, production of greenhouse gasses, and population exploitation? And thats just buying lunch! These confounding connections are what the dark existentialist seeks to escape by rejecting humanity. In my opinion, all he succeeds in doing is cutting himself off from hope. Instead, I choose to care about individuals known to me, and try to have an active global view. I also choose to relish the experiences offered by this existence and go out of my way to seek them. Caring about people can sometimes be hard; ethical dilemmas are built into relationships early on and surface later to cause upheaval and unhappiness. I just found this out with my parents. I love them dearly, but they are not willing to grant the freedom I want as long as I live under their roof. Of course, I could seize freedom, being of a legal adult age, but I know that I would beShow MoreRelatedEssay Existentialism1050 Words   |  5 Pages333} reacted against this tradition, insisting that the individuals highest good is to find his or her own unique vocation. In terms of moral choice, existentialists have argued that there is no objective, rational basis for decisions; they stress the importance of individualism in deciding questions of morality and truth. Most existentialists have held that rational clarity is desirable wherever possible but that lifes most important questions are not accessible to reason or science. 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